Gen Chem 2: Exam 1

Solvent

Majority Component

Solute

Minority Component (s)

% Mass

Mass Solute/Mass Solution x 100

Molarity (M)

Mol Solute/L Solution

Molality (m)

Mol Solute/Kg Solvent

Mole Fraction (Xa)

Mol A / sum of all components of solution

i

\# of particles after dissociation / # of particles before dissociation

Psolution

(vapor pressure solution)

Xsolvent x P\*solvent

(mole fraction) x (vapor pressure of solvent)

VP lowering (ΔP)

P\*solvent - Psolution

Change in freezing point (ΔTf)

i x Kf x molality

(Kf = freezing pt. depression constant)

Change in boiling point (ΔTb)

i x Kb x m

(Kb = boiling point constant)

H20 freezing point

0\*C

H20 boiling point

100\.00\*C

Osmotic Pressure (***π)***

molarity (M) x 0.08206 (R) x Temp. x i

Kc (equil. constant)

products/reactants

Kp

Kc(RT)^Δn

HNO3

strong acid

HClO4

strong acid

H2SO4

strong acid

HCl

strong acid

HBr

strong acid

HI

strong acid

hydroxides (group 1A)

strong bases

Ca(OH)2

strong base

S(OH2)

strong base

Ba(OH2)

strong base

Bronsted-lawry

Acids donate H+

Bases donate H+

Amphoteric

Substance that can act as an acid or base

Arrhenius

Acids donate H+ (or H30+) while bases donate

pH

\-log \[H+\] or \[H30+\]

\[H+\] or \[H30+\]

10^-pH

pOH

\-log \[OH-\]

\[OH-\]

10^-pOH

pH + pOH

14\.00

Ka

\[H+\] or \[H30+\] x \[A-\] / \[HA\]

Kb

\[OH-\] \[BH+\] / \[B\]

Kw

Ka x Kb

Oxyacids

Hydrogen is bound to oxygen that is bound to another atom

Lewis acid

Substance that accepts an e- pair

Lewis bases

Donates e- pair

Kw

1 x 10^-14