G. C. E. (Advanced Level) Chemistry Grade 12 Resource Book

Flashcards based on the key concepts covered in the GCE Chemistry Resource Book for Grade 12, focusing on gaseous state, gas laws, thermodynamics, and molecular kinetic theory.

What is the definition of an ideal gas?

An ideal gas is one where intermolecular forces do not exist, and the volume of gas particles is negligible compared to the volume of the container.

What does Boyle's law state?

Boyle's law states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its volume.

What is the formula for Boyle's law?

The formula is P1V1 = P2V2, where P is pressure and V is volume.

What does Charles' law describe?

Charles' law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

What is Avogadro's law?

Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules.

What is the ideal gas equation?

The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

What is Dalton's law of partial pressures?

Dalton's law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of non-reactive gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

What is the van der Waals equation?

The van der Waals equation accounts for the behavior of real gases and is given by (P + an^2/V^2)(V - nb) = nRT, where a and b are constants that account for intermolecular forces and volume occupied by gas molecules, respectively.

What is the critical temperature of a substance?

The critical temperature is the highest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid; above this temperature, it remains a gas regardless of the pressure applied.

What is the significance of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution?

The Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution describes the distribution of speeds among particles in a gas; it indicates that not all particles move at the same speed.