Introduction to ecology

Define ecology

the scientific study of the interactions between species and their environment

Define etymology

the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment

List three ways in which ecosystems can be described

• processes

• functions

• benefits

List 4 ecological processes

• production

• respiration

• decomposition

• pollination

List 3 ecological functions

• provisioning

• regulating

• cultural

State one ecological benefit

goods and services

Describe the interactions between ecology and genetics (2 points)

• natural selection is driven by ecological processes (competitors, predators, prey, climate, shelter, temperature)

• ecology can be examined at the genetic level

Describe the interactions between ecology and individuals

may have major influences (first of a new parasite)

Define a population

distinct group of individuals of the same species in the same  place and the same time

List 3 properties of populations in relation to ecology

• size

• density

• population structure

List 4 population dynamics

• growth rates

• mortality rates

• fecundity

• immigration

Define fecundity

number of offspring per unit time

Define a cohort

a recognisable group within a population

What is a metapopulation

subdivisions of a population separated in some way but which still interact

Why is metapopulation analysis important

when considering issues of fragmented habitats such as islands

Define a community

assemblage of populations of different species in a given place and time

Define an ecosystem

combination of communities and abiotic aspects of the environment

Define the biosphere

part of the earth that contains all life