POLS 2311 Chapters 4-6

UTA 2022 Fall Semester

The first major statement of _______ is considered to be Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), by Edmund Burke.

Conservatism

Neoconservatives prefer _____ wealth to imagining wealth.

Redistributing

What group opposes any increase in the role of the federal government over the general direction of the economy and contends that a vibrant private-sector economy can best create jobs for the poor, immigrants, and minorities?

Neoconservatives

__________ theory states, "gain their legitimacy from the consent of the governed and are formed primarily to protect the rights of individuals to life, liberty, and property."

Contract

One example of __________ is Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson’s belief that liberty was the absence of government interference with the rights of ALL citizens to enjoy the fruits of their labor and prosperity.

Classical liberalism

John Adams advocated for what?

He believed that laws and government are needed to promote public virtue and curb private greed.

What "spells out what is valued and what is not, what must be maintained and what must be changed,” according to the textbook.

An ideology

__________ believes in the democratization of government and economic reforms.

Populism

A belief in laissez-faire economics includes the view that government should do what?

Not interfere in the workings of the economy

Progressivism, the early twentieth century political movement, enjoyed its LEAST success under presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.

False

The Great Society of President ________ in the 1960s moved beyond the New Deal.

Johnson

The __________ ideology promotes free trade, reform of entitlement programs, a strong but economical defense, and the creation but not redistribution of wealth.

Neoliberalism

The roots of liberalism can be traced to the great English philosopher _______.

John Locke

In 1990, who was the first independent socialist elected to the House of Representatives in more than half a century?

Bernard Sanders

What is TRUE of New Deal contemporary liberalism?

It is based on the belief that government should provide basic material guarantees for every individual.

T or F: Governor Newsom Announces California Will Phase Out Gasoline-Powered Cars & Drastically Reduce Demand for Fossil Fuel in California’s Fight Against Climate Change

True

T or F: Thomas Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, classical liberals, believed that the government that governed least governed best.

True

T or F: Direct election of senators, voter initiatives and referendums, and the secret ballot system were some of the programs supported by the populist movement.

True

T or F: Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson reaped the LEAST success from the progressive political movement.

False

T or F: A strong central government is necessary to reduce economic inequalities and enhance personal morality, according to contemporary liberals.

False

T or F: Industrial policy involves partnership in economic decision-making among government officials, big business, and the military.

False

T or F: According to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954, racial segregation was constitutional.

False

T or F: Historically, Americans for Democratic Action has been the best-known pressure group for contemporary liberalism.

True

T or F: An interventionist, military-oriented foreign policy has NOT been supported by liberals since the Vietnam War.

True

T or F: Traditional liberals would like to increase the top income tax rate.

True

T or F: The natural goodness of men was rejected by John Adams and other early American conservatives, who believed instead that people were neither totally innocent nor totally depraved.

True

T or F: Edmund Burke argued that because there was inequality among men, a ruling class of ability and property must control government.

True

T or F: As American industrialized, conservatives embraced laissez-faire economics, an economic system that operated free of government control.

True

T or F: In order to defend the propertied classes from the encroachments of the more radical state governments, conservatives like John Adams, John Marshall, and Alexander Hamilton supported a strong central government.

True

T or F: Contemporary conservatism continues to defend economic individualism against the growth of the welfare state.

True

T or F: Conservatism supported increasing the role of the federal government for the welfare state.

False

T or F: Neoconservatives disagree with such liberal ideas as the use of racial and gender preferences as a means of assuring fairness.

True

T or F: Neoconservatives argue that a properly constructed welfare state strengthens citizens’ loyalty to the existing capitalist system.

True

T or F: An economic system in which basic industries, banks, agricultural systems, and communication networks are privately owned is called democratic socialism.

False

T or F: Laws forbidding prostitution, gambling, and pornography would be repealed according to libertarians.

True

T or F: The protection of human rights being the responsibility of the government is opposed by libertarianism.

False

What is the most important matter that Americans differ upon, according to the text?

Political ideology

Where would you find the line: “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that ALL Men are created equal”?

Declaration of Independence

What is the principal explicit teacher of information about politics?

The school

A combination of the views, attitudes, and ideas held by individuals in a community is known as __________.

Public opinion

What type of attachment is Larry demonstrating if he is a registered Democrat who votes for the Democratic presidential candidate in every election and volunteers his time in rallies and campaigning for the Democratic Party?

Party identification

What best describes polling?

The process of using social science methods to get an accurate sense of the public’s view on an issue

Where do governments get their “just powers,” according to the Declaration of Independence?

From the consent of the governed

A sense of __________ is one motivating factor, felt by some citizens, to get involved in politics.

Duty

At what age do people seem to experience the most powerful and lasting effect from major political and social events?

In their teens and early twenties

What can be said about equality?

The majority of Americans believe that the government should treat everyone as if they were equal.

What is TRUE about American public opinion in recent years?

It has shifted to the right

Classical liberalism, libertarianism, and neo-conservatism are examples of __________.

Political ideologies

What is NOT one of the factors that motivate people to participate in politics?

Low sense of political efficacy

What is one of the “hallmarks of democracy,” according to the textbook?

Diversity of opinion

President __________ became a “formidable public communicator” as a result of televised news coverage.

George W. Bush

Whatcomment best describes the relationship between politicians and the mass media?

It is advantageous to both.

__________ is NOT part of the mass media.

Word of mouth

__________ are the people who gather, write, and report the news.

Journalists

__________ is the term applied to the media because they determine what the American people will know.

Gatekeepers

Just as the Constitution does NOT assume pure and ambition-free politicians, the First Amendment does NOT assume a __________ press.

Bias-free

The FCC requires radio and television stations to include public service programming because of what?

They operate in the public interest.

A __________ is an event that is staged NOT as much for the purpose of dramatizing an issue as it is for creating a visible activity.

Photo opportunity

Which war was the first to feature day-to-day combat coverage?

The Vietnam War

The press is sometimes referred to as what?

The fifth branch of the government

__________ was first president to make the televised White House press conference a regular event.

John F. Kennedy

The FCC rule that requires radio and television stations to devote some airtime to a balanced discussion of public issues is called the __________.

Fairness doctrine

What role do the media serve on issues?

Spotlights

__________ is the term sometimes applied to the process of shaping news stories.

Framing

What is a term used for selecting what becomes news?

Agenda setting

Who or what undid the Whig-Democrat party alignment?

Slavery

The main difference between interest groups and political parties is what?

Interest groups do not run candidates for public office.

__________ is a process by which each party system has been able to evolve from its predecessor in a relatively short period of political turmoil.

Realignment

T or F: Interest groups can be categorized into economic, social, religious, ideological, or issue groups.

True

The size of an interest group is the most important factor in determining __________.

Effectiveness

In the United States, what is a third party (or minor party)?

Any party that is not one of the two major parties

People who hold common views and work together to influence what government does form associations known as __________.

Interest groups

__________ groups in America tend to be more politically influential.

Mainstream

What were the party match-ups in the first American party system?

Federalists against Antifederalists

What is the primary goal of political parties?

Win elective office

The period before each realignment in which the old party structures seem to fall apart is called __________.

Dealignment

A psychological hook that pulls people into the world of politics is used by what?

Political parties

Who takes on the task of organizing the government?

The political party that won the most recent election

For any interest group, what is the mainstay of activity in the legislative process?

Lobbying members of Congress

The _____ has become an important force in US political opinion.

Tea Party

T or F: Everybody agrees on ALL issues.

False

T or F: Polling is the best way to determine the outcome of previous elections.

False

T or F: Americans are emotionally attached to the symbols of their country and are also generally proud of their country.

True

T or F: Private property is considered to be an essential element of economic progress for most Americans.

True

T or F: Americans think equal opportunity is preferred over equal outcome.

True

T or F: Freedom of expression is important to most Americans.

True

T or F: Political ideology is perhaps the most important matter on which Americans differ.

T or F: Political ideology is perhaps the most important matter on which Americans differ.

True

T or F: Political ideologies are largely shaped by Americans’ political beliefs.

True

T or F: The political socialization process is the same for ALL Americans.

False

T or F: Among the long-standing traditions of American politics are protest marches and demonstrations.

True

T or F: New immigrants, during citizenship classes, are the only recipients of political socialization.

False

T or F: During election years, public officials use political socialization to change public opinion.

False

T or F: Only voting age people can be in one’s peer groups.

False

T or F: Political socialization is NOT enhanced by the family, according to the text.

False

T or F: Peer groups rarely have significant influence on one’s political socialization.

False

T or F: Political socialization can come from anyone from whom we learn.

True

T or F: One potent agent of political socialization, according to any realistic theory, is the family.

True

T or F: The United States response to the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 generated the same response throughout the world.

False

T or F: The political socialization process varies widely for distinctive political subcultures in the United States.

True