Biology Half-Yearly Flashcards

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PROTOCTISTA

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58 Terms

1

PROTOCTISTA

A kingdom that includes microscopic creatures made of one cell, such as protozoa and algae.

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2

FUNGI

A kingdom that includes mushrooms, toadstools, and moulds.

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3

PROTOZOA

Microscopic creatures made of one cell.

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4

ALGAE

Simple plant-like organisms such as seaweed.

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5

PLANTS

Organisms that have proper roots and often produce flowers.

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6

MONOCOTYLEDONS

Plants with leaves that have parallel veins.

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7

DICOTYLEDONS

Plants with leaves that have a network of veins.

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8

VERTEBRATES

Animals with backbones.

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9

INVERTEBRATES

Animals without backbones.

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10

COELENTERATES

Animals with a sack-like body and tentacles.

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11

FLATWORMS

Animals with a flat body.

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12

ANNELID WORMS

Animals encircled with many rings.

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13

MOLLUSCS

Animals with one coiled shell or two uncoiled shells.

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14

ARTHROPODS

Animals with a hard outer skeleton, including insects and crustaceans.

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15

CENTIPEDES

Arthropods with many pairs of legs.

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16

CHORDATES

Animals with a notochord at some stage in development.

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17

OXYGEN

A gas essential for life, which diffuses from blood to cells.

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18

DIFFUSION

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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19

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

The movement of molecules against a concentration gradient, requiring energy.

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20

OSMOSIS

A type of diffusion specifically related to water movement across a semi-permeable membrane.

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21

SEMI-PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others.

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22

MITOSIS

A process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

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23

MEIOSIS

A type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes.

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24

GAMETES

Reproductive cells: sperm in males and ova in females.

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25

ZYGOTE

The fertilized ovum that results from the fusion of sperm and ovum.

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26

DOMINANT GENE

A gene that masks the effect of a recessive gene.

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27

RECESSIVE GENE

A gene that is masked by a dominant gene.

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28

HAPLOID NUMBER

The number of chromosomes in a gamete, which is half of the diploid number.

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29

DIPLOID NUMBER

The total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell.

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30

PHLOEM

Plant tissue that transports glucose and nutrients throughout the plant.

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31

XYLEM

Plant tissue that carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

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32

TRANSPIRE

The process of water vapor loss from plants, mainly through stomata.

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33

STOMATA

Tiny holes in leaves through which water vapor and gases pass.

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34

XYLEM VESSEL

A tube in plants that transports water and minerals from the roots.

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35

VASCULAR BUNDLES

Clusters of xylem and phloem in plants.

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36

TURGID CELL

A plant cell that is firm due to water uptake.

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37

FLACCID CELL

A plant cell that is limp due to loss of water.

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38

CELL DIVISION

The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.

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39

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A mode of reproduction that involves only one parent.

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40

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A mode of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes.

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41

CLONE

An organism that is genetically identical to its parent.

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42

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION

A form of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants are produced from parts of the parent plant.

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43

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The system that transports blood, nutrients, and gases throughout the body.

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44

CELL MEMBRANE

The protective outer layer of a cell that regulates what enters and exits.

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45

CYTOPLASM

The gel-like substance within a cell that houses the organelles.

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46

NUCLEUS

The organelle that contains the cell's genetic material.

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47

CHROMOSOMES

Structures made of DNA that contain genes.

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48

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

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49

GENES

Segments of DNA that code for specific traits.

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50

HOMOZYGOUS

Having two identical alleles for a specific gene.

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51

HETEROZYGOUS

Having two different alleles for a specific gene.

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52

SPINDLE FIBER

Fibers that help separate chromosomes during cell division.

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53

RIBOSOMES

Organelles where protein synthesis occurs.

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54

MITOCHONDRIA

Organelles that produce energy for the cell.

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55

CELL WALL

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support.

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56

VACUOLE

A storage organelle in cells, particularly large in plant cells.

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57

STICKLEBACK

A type of fish used as an example for studying reproduction.

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58

FERTILIZATION

The process by which the sperm and egg unite to form a zygote.

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