Lecture 6- Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance within prokaryotic cells.

True

Bacteria has DNA in other places besides chromosomes

True

Prokaryotes have chromosomes

Chromosomes

Main genetic material in prokaryotes.

Plasmids

Small, circular DNA molecules in bacteria within cytoplasm.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures for protein synthesis in cytoplasm.

One

Number of large chromosomes in bacteria

Bacterial Endospores

Survival structures formed by bacteria.

Dipicolinic acid

Chemical in endospore coat enhancing resistance.

20 million +

Lifetime of Endospore

Endospore germination

Process in which endospores return to a vegetative state

Bacillus and Clostridium have them

Significance of Endospores

Bacillus anthracis

Causal agent of anthrax disease.

Clostridium tetani

Causal agent of tetanus disease.

C. perfringens

Bacteria causing gangrene.

C. botulinum

Bacteria causing botulism.

Bacterial Motility

Movement of bacteria to find food or evade toxins.

Tumbling

Clockwise flagella rotation causing erratic movement.

Running

Counterclockwise flagella rotation for straight movement.

Chemotaxis

Movement toward or away from chemical stimuli.

Presence of Attractant

Running becomes longer and tumbling decreases

Presence of Repellant

Shorter runs, tumbling increases

Flagella

Long, whip-like structures for motility in eukaryotes, found in protoza

Cilia

Short, hair-like structures for synchronized movement, more numerous

Fimbriae and Pilli

Other surface structures