Acid-Base Equilibrium

Protic

The transfer of H+ from one molecule to another

True

An acid is a proton donor and a base is a proton acceptor. T or F?

Monoprotic

The transfer of one proton

Polyprotic

The transfer of more than one proton

Monoprotic acid

An acid that an donate only one proton

Polyprotic acid

An acid that can donate more than one proton

Monoprotic base

A base that can only accept one proton

Polyprotic base

A base that can accept more than one proton.

Acid ionization

The reaction between a Bronsted-Lowry acid and water

Base ionization

The reaction between a base and water

True

Water can function as an acid or a base. T or F?

Autoionization

A reaction in which a substance ionizes when one molecule reacts with another molecule of the same substance.

Ion-Product constant (Kw)

The equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water

Amphiprotic or amphoteric

A species that may act as either an acid or base by any definition.

Neutral solution

A solution that contains equal concentrations of hydronium and hydroxide ions.

Acidic

A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydronium ions than hydroxide ions.

Basic

A solution that contains a lesser concentration of hydronium ions than hydroxide ions.

Equation to determine pH

pH = -log[H+]

Equation to determine the concentration of [H+]

[H+] = 10^-pH

Funtions fo Kw expression

Kw = [H3O+][OH-]

pKw is

pH + pOH

14.00 = pH + pOH

Acid-ionization constant, Ka

Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]

True

A stronger acid has a larger ionization constant than that of a weaker one. T or F?

Percent ionization

The ratio of the concentration of the ionzied acid to the initial acid concentration times 100.

Base-ionization constant, Kb

Kb = [HB+][OH-]/[B]

Kw also equals

Ka x Kb

Strong acids form what kind of base

Very weak conjugate bases

Weak acids form what kind base

Very strong conjugate bases

The relationships among the various Ka and Kb values in a triprotic system are

Ka1 x Kb3 = Kw

Ka2 x kb2 = Kw

Ka3 x Kb1 = Kw

The relationship among the various Ka and Kb values in diprotic system are

Ka1 x Kb2 = Kw

Ka2 x Kb1 = Kw

Ka1 refers to the…

Species with the most protons

Kb1 refers to the…

Species with the least protons

Buffers

A solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added or when dilution occurs