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French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats to negotiate.
John Marshall
What event(s) led to the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain?
Sacagawea
What power did the Alien act give the president?
President can deport an alien that he deemed dangerous to the nation, without a trial
What was the goal of the Alien and Sedition acts?
To prevent opposition from the Democratic-Republicans
Who were the authors of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions criticize?
The Alien and Sedition Acts, arguing that they were unconstitutional.
Who was on the Republican ticket in the election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burrwere the candidates representing the Democratic-Republican Party.
What was the original outcome of the election of 1800?
The election resulted in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, leading to a decision by the House of Representatives.
Who ultimately won the Election of 1800?
Thomas Jefferson won after the House of Representatives decided in his favor.
Who sold the Louisiana Territory to the United States?
Napoleon Bonaparte of France sold it to the US in 1803.
Why did Napoleon sell us the Louisiana Territory?
He needed funds for war in Europe and wanted to strengthen the US as a counter to British power.
Who went on the Corps of Discovery Mission?
Meriwether Lewis and William Clark led the expedition to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.
What was the purpose of the Pike Expedition?
To explore the southern portion of the Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.
How much did the United States buy the Lousiana Territory for?
The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory for $15 million from France in 1803.
What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?
A law that reorganized the federal judiciary, creating new circuit courts and reducing the number of Supreme Court justices.
How many federal judges did the Judiciary Act of 1801 create?
The Judiciary Act of 1801 created 16 new federal judgeships.
What were the Midnight Judges?
Judges appointed by President John Adams in the final hours of his presidency were intended to fill the new positions created by the Judiciary Act of 1801.
Why was Marbury v. Madison significant?
Marbury v. Madison was significant because it established the principle of judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and actions that are deemed unconstitutional.
What is impressment?
Impressment is the act of forcibly enlisting individuals into military service, particularly the British practice of seizing American sailors during the early 19th century.
What is an embargo?
An embargo is a government order that restricts commerce or trade with a specific country or the exchange of specific goods.
What was the outcome of the Embargo Act?
The outcome of the Embargo Act was a significant decline in American exports, which harmed the U.S. economy and led to widespread dissatisfaction among merchants and farmers.
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
The causes of the War of 1812 included British impressment of American sailors, trade restrictions, and conflicts with Native Americans, as well as a desire to expand U.S. territory.
Tecumseh
A Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native American tribes against U.S. expansion in the early 19th century.
the Battle of Tippecanoe
was a conflict between U.S. forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison and Native American warriors associated with Tecumseh in 1811, resulting in a U.S. victory.
Why did American settlers believe that the battle of Tippencanoe provided proof of British involvement?
British made rifles were being used by Tecumseh's forces.
When did Congress declare war on Great Britain?
June 1812
How was the vote in Congress split regarding the decision to declare war on Great Britain in 1812?
The South and West supported the war, while the Northeast opposed it.
What was the significance of Commodore Oliver Perry's victory at the Battle of Lake Erie on September 10, 1813?
The American victory secured control of Lake Erie, which allowed General William Henry Harrison to recover Detroit from British control.
How did Commodore Oliver Perry continue fighting after his own ship was heavily damaged during the Battle of Lake Erie?
He rowed to another vessel and continued leading the attack.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Lake Erie?
The British surrendered, giving Americans control of the lake.
What happened when British forces attacked Washington, D.C., in August 1814?
President James Madison and other officials fled the city, while the British set fire to the White House and the Capitol.
What happened on the night of September 13, 1814, at Fort McHenry?
The British bombarded the fort throughout the night but were unsuccessful in their attack.
What was the last major battle of the War of 1812, fought in January 1815, after the Treaty of Ghent had already been signed?
The Battle of New Orleans.
Who led American forces in the Battle of New Orleans?
General Andrew Jackson.
What treaty ended the War of 1812?
The Treaty of Ghent
What were some effects of the War of 1812 on the United States?
Increased American patriotism and unity.
Boosted the nation's global reputation.
Showed the U.S. could repel a foreign invasion.
Led to the "Era of Good Feelings."
What was the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, and what did the U.S. gain from it?
It was a treaty between the U.S. and Spain in which Spain gave Florida to the U.S.
Why were Southerners unhappy with Spanish-controlled Florida before the Adams-Onís Treaty?
Runaway slaves often fled to Florida, knowing the U.S. had no authority to recapture them.
Who were the Seminoles, and how did they form?
They were a group of escaped slaves and Native Americans who settled in Florida. The name "Seminole" means "runaway."
How did General Andrew Jackson’s invasion of Florida in 1818 affect Spanish control?
ackson destroyed Seminole villages, seized Spanish settlements, and removed the Spanish governor, leading Spain to cede Florida to the U.S.
What led to U.S. military action in Florida in 1818?
The Seminoles raided American lands, and Americans in Georgia retaliated by raiding Seminole land.
What was "Judicial Nationalism," and which Supreme Court Chief Justice played a key role in it?
It refers to a series of Supreme Court rulings under Chief Justice John Marshall that strengthened the federal government.
What important precedent was set by the Supreme Court case Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee?
It established that the Supreme Court had the authority to hear appeals of state court decisions involving federal laws and treaties.
What was the significance of the Supreme Court ruling in McCulloch v. Maryland?
It confirmed that Congress had the power to create a national bank under the "necessary and proper" clause.
What overall principle did McCulloch v. Maryland reinforce?
The supremacy of the federal government over state governments.
How did the Supreme Court case Gibbons v. Ogden strengthen federal authority?
It ruled that federal law was supreme over state law in matters of interstate commerce, ensuring the federal government controlled interstate transportation.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
It declared that the American continents were no longer open for European colonization.
What was the main foreign policy goal of the Monroe Doctrine?
To prevent European powers from interfering in Latin American political affairs.
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