Cell Anatomy and DNA extraction

What are the three differences between plant and animal cells?

Cell Wall, Vacule, chloroplast.

What are the three components of cell theory?

All organisms are made up of one or more cells and the products of those cells.

All cells carry out life activities.

New cells are only created thru cell division.

What measurement unit is used with a micropipette?

microliters

How many microliters are in a milliliter?

1 milliliter = 1,000 microliters

What are the five steps of the pipetting cycle?

Depress, hold, aspirate, dispense and blowout, tip ejection.

Why do livestock producers need to collect DNA samples?

For livestock selection and breeding. Breed ID. management, parentage, and pedigrees.

What are the three steps in a DNA extraction procedure?

Break the cell, Tear apart the nucleus, Extract DNA.

What is SDS?

a “detergent”, breaks down the nuclear membrane.

What is the process of extraction?

Freezing the tissue, blending, add EDTA solution (gently mix). Add SDS, mix. then add NaCI solution, gently mix. add ethanol to the side of the test tube and do not mix! Two distinct layers form and you can spool the gobs of DNA from the pipet.

Why is it important to disrupt the cell and nuclear membrane.

separates the DNA from organelles & DNA from the nucleus.

Why do we use EDTA reagent to bind Mg and Ca ions in the solution.

to prevent DNA from degradation, prevents enzyme from degrading DNA.

What does NaCI (Salt) solution do?

Neutralizes the negative charge on DNA so that it wants to group together.

Why add ethanol?

Disrupts water molecules from protecting the DNA. separates them into 2 distinct layers.

What is the pellet and the supernatant?

The tube will have the supernatant at the top, these are the organelles. The pellet will be at the bottom and this is the nucleus of the cells.