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What did Luban say
he states that the start of classical liberalism is when people wrote about human cruelty and condemned it
What does Luban say about torture
Torture overwhelmed us and disregarded the bombs and missiles that killed people because torture stripped people of their dignity and bombs didn’t
(torture is a different kind of act)
For Luban, what was the purpose of liberalism
its to go against torture
this creates the need to go against torture and get rid of it
What are the 4 illiberal reasons for torture
victor’s pleasure/ Cruelty
terrorizing people into submission
torture as a form of criminal punishment
torture was used for extracting confessions
What is victor’s pleasure in torture
seeing trophies or victory in torturing someone
What was the purpose of using torture to terrorize people into submission
it was a scare tactic
torture was used to show power and overwhelming force and get people to stay in line
How was torture used as a form of criminal punishment
Luban was influenced by philosopher Foucault
he wrote a book called discipline and punishment
focused on a prison in which prisoners were surrounded by mirrors so the guards had constant surveillance
introduced the idea of constant surveillance
What was the idea of constant surveillance
believed surveillance would cause prisoners to stay in line and “discipline” themselves
they feel like they are being watched and observed so they feel anxious
What does Luban say about torture in prisons
we don’t have to torture people in prison, you can just put them in a cell
Under what circumstances is torture okay
ticking bomb theory
What is the ticking bomb theory
Luban says torture is justified in a liberal society if getting information stops a catastrophe
What do our individual rights allow for in the ticking bomb theory
we can use our natural rights to exploit the rights and get away with it
Does luban believe torture is ever justified
no because it sparks the concern of the exceptional becoming the normal
there is no way to properly regulate torture because there will always be a risk of torture getting out of hand
In a hierarchical pov, what does luban say
people in a higher power are the ones sending order to torture people but those in lower places are the ones that actually have to do the torturing
shows with torture, everyone is hurt while the system is meant to protect everyone
What is torture an example of
limits on authority