Unit 7 APWH: 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8

Why did WW1 renew hopes for independence in many colonies?

Colonial troops contributed thousands of soldiers to Allied powers. It showed Asia and Africa that imperial powers could also lose and become weak

What encouraged the French to recognize that they had an obligation to the people they colonized?

The Rebellion in French West Africa and the tremendous loss of lives

Who did European nations grant self-determination to after the war?

White countries in Eastern Europe

What events fueled stronger nationalist sentiment in Vietnam?

Woodrow Wilson refused to meet with Vietnamese nationalists to discuss their self-determination

Why were many Arabs upset after the war?

They were promised self-rule if they fought with the Allies, which were forgotten after the war

Mandate System

A system created by the League of Nations to distribute and rule the colonies previously owned by Central powers

Pan-Arabism

An ideology that called for the unification of the Middle East and it came from Arab people upset about European colonization

Balfour Declaration

A document stating that Palestine should become the permanent home of the Jews, upsetting the Arabs who had lived there for centuries

What did the Indian National Congress want?

They wanted to air grievances against British rule and the colonial government

Amritsar Massacre

A peaceful protest by Indian nationalists, whom the British killed. This sparked anger and radicalized many Indians

Gandhi’s Satyagraha Movement

A campaign of civil disobedience that encouraged Indians people break unjust laws and serve jail time for it

Salt March

Thousands of Indians went to the Arabian Sea and stole salt

Why was a two-state plan proposed for South Asia independence?

Muslim interests were overwhelmed by Hindus concerns in an independent India

Why did Korean resentment grow?

The prospect of European support for a stronger Japan and the mysterious death of the Korean emperor

March First Movement

2 million Koreans protested against Japanese colonial rule

Why did the Chinese think Allied forces would help them get the land they wanted after WW1?

150,000 Chinese worked in European factories, dug trenches, and did all kinds of work during the war

Chinese Communist Party

Led by Mao Zedong, who was inspired by the Russian Revolution. He thought the communist revolt should be led by peasants, the majority in China

Kuomintang/The Chinese National Party

Led by Sun Yat-Sen, who was devoted to full independence and industrialization. Had a strong distrust for communism

Long March

A year long 6,000 mile retreat. It showed the Chinese Communist Party’s strength and resilience, helping them take control of China

Why did Japan leave the League of Nations?

The League of Nations condemned their actions in Manchuria, which made Japan upset

Manchukuo

A Japanese puppet state

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Lands seized by Japan; the Philippines, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, and Burma

How did some Africans under colonial rule resist colonizers?

Strikers were held, protesting discriminatory wage and benefit policies. Africans wrote a list of demands as well

Causes of WW2

1. Unresolved issues in the aftermath of WW1

2. Economic instability in postwar economies

3. The rise of fascism in Italy

4. Unsuitable economic and political terms in Germany

5. The spread of Nazism to Germany

Weimar Republic

Th democratically elected party that replaced the monarchical rule of Germany

How did Germany feel about the Weimar Republic?

They German people thought they were weak

How did Hitler use fear tactics to take control of Germany?

Hitler made the German public believe they were in a state of emergency. The Nazis staged a burning of the Reichstag, a German Parliament building, and blamed radicals for the act

Scientific Racism

A pseudoscientific theory that claimed. certain races were genetically superior

Anti-Semitism

Hostility and discrimination towards Jewish peoples

Who was not apart of Hitler’s superior Aryan empire?

Jews, Slavs, communists, Roma, and gay men and women

The Nuremberg Laws did the following:

1. Forbade marriage between Jews and gentiles

2. Stripped Jews of their citizenship

3. Unleashed a series of decrees that pushed Jews to the margins of Jewish society

Rome-Berlin Axis

Germany shared a political ideology and economic interests with Italy, so they became allies

Anti-Comintern Pact

Germany’s military alliance with Japan because of their mutual hatred of communism

Axis Powers

Alliance among Germany, Italy, and Japan

Kristallnacht

Anti-Jewish riots that ostensibly occurred in response to the assassination of a German diplomat by a Jewish teenager. It appeared to be led by German citizens, but was actually started by Nazis

How did Hitler break the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

1. Announced the creation of a German air force

2. Created a policy of conscription for the army

Appeasement

Giving into Germany’s demands in hopes of keeping the peace. Great Britain thought Hitler was harmless and thought that intervening would just start unnecessary war

How did Hitler gain control of Austria-Hungary?

He used the threat of invasion to the the Austrian chancellor to support the Austrian Nazi Party, who open the doors for German troops to invade

Why did Hitler want Sudetenland?

Most of the population spoke German and he thought it was necessary for the Aryan Empire to succeed

Munich Agreement

An agreement that a policy of appeasement would stop Hitler’s expansion. In reality, it shows Hitler that Britain and France were not willing to stand up to him

German-Soviet Non Aggression Pact

A pledge between Germany and Russia to not attack one another

Where did Germany invade and how did Great Britain and France react?

He invaded Poland, claiming they had attacked first. Great Britain and France declare war on Germany, which marks the beginning of WW2

What started WW2 in Asia?

An incident between Japanese and Chinese troops escalated. Japan then launches a full-scale invasion of China

New Order in East Asia

Japan wanted complete control of East Asia through colonization

How did the Nonaggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union affect Japan?

Japan had to look elsewhere for territory

What threatened Japan’s economy at the time?

Economic sanctions by the United States. Japan responded with military force

Blitzkrieg

Lighting fast warfare technique used by Germany in WW2

Who was Germany able to conquer after Poland?

Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France

Describe the state of France during WW2:

The French government fled and Germany took control of 2/3 of the country. A Nazi Regime was set up in Vichy

Destroyers-for-Bases Agreement

The United States provides 50 destroyers in exchange for 8 British air and naval bases

Lend-Lease Act

America lends war materials to Allied powers, no longer staying neutral in the war

Atlantic Charter

A policy that set down basic goals for the postwar world

Battle of Britain

The Germans bombed British cities after the air force raided Berlin. The civilians withstood relentless attacks, Churchill stating that it was Britain’s “finest hour”

Why did Germany postpone plans to invade Britain?

Britain had superior planes and radar systems, making it very risky for Germany

Why did Hitler invade the Soviet Union?

He wanted to create land for settlement and development for the German people. This violated the Non Aggression Pact between the two countries

Was Germany successful in invading Russia?

They were not because they were not used to the harsh Russian winter and could not withstand the freezing conditions

Siege of Leningrad

Soviets defended the city of Leningrad against Germany. It lasted three years, killing hundreds of men, women, and children

What was the affect of Japan attacking Pearl Harbor?

The U.S declare was on Japan and send troops over to fight them. This prompts Hitler to declare war on the United Staes

What did United States factories produce during the war?

Ships, tanks, planes, landing craft, radars, guns, and ammunition

Where did Germany get most of its labor from and why was this system counterproductive?

They relied on forced labor, specifically from concentration camps. The workers were treated so poorly that productivity was low

Allied Powers

Great Britain, Soviet Union, and the United States

Which battle did the “tide turn” for British forces?

The British defeated one of Germany’s military leaders, Rommel, at the Battle of El Alamein

Battle of the Coral Sea

The U.S Navy stops a Japanese invasion, helping prevent a future invasion of Australia

Battle of Midway Island

Four Japanese aircrafts were destroyed and Allied powers triumph

Guadalcanal

A quick battle with Allied victory

Island Hopping Strategy

Allies attacked islands where Japan was weak and skipped those where they were strong. It helped the Allies get closer and corner Japan

What events led to the fall of Mussolini?

Allies gained control of the island of Sicily in July 1943

D-Day

An amphibious invasion from England, landing on the beaches of Normandy. Control of Europe was slowly slipping away from Germany

Battle of Bulge

A battle where the Allies have a huge victory and Axis Powers believe everything is over. Hitler won’t give up yet

Battle of Kursk

The Soviet Union wins a battle with Germany and took back countries under German rule

What became of Hitler and Mussolini?

Hitler kills himself in his bunker and Mussolini is killed by members of the Italian resistance

V-E Day

End of the war in Europe or “Victory in Europe Day”

Why did the U.S not want to invade Japanese homeland?

Because it could have led to more deaths and it was really expensive

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Atomic bombs were dropped on cities

Armistice Day

Allied advances against Central Powers forcing Germany to surrender on November 11tth, 1918

Genocide

The attempted killing of a group of people based on race, ethnicity, or religion

Why did the Ottoman Empire target Armenians during WW1?

They alleged that Christian Armenians were working with the Russian army

What did the Ottoman Empire do to the Armenians?

They deported Armenians to camps in Syria. The died from starvation