m3 supporting structures (gingiva)

gingiva

part of the oral mucosa that  covers the alveolar processes and surrounds the cervical region of the teeth

MARGINAL GINGIVA / GINGIVAL MARGIN / UNATTACHED GINGIVA

ATTACHED GINGIVA

INTERDENTAL PAPILLA / GINGIVA

clinical features or regions of the gingiva

MARGINAL GINGIVA / GINGIVAL MARGIN / UNATTACHED GINGIVA

border of the gingiva surrounding the teeth in a collar fashion

ATTACHED GINGIVA

firm, resilient and tightly bound to the underlying alveolar periosteum

INTERDENTAL PAPILLA / GINGIVA

occupies the interproximal space between the areas of adjacent tooth contact

oral epithelium

sulcular epithelium

junctional epithelium

layers of gingival epithelium

oral epithelium

• the outer epithelium that covers the crest and outer surface of the marginal  gingiva and the surface of the attached  gingiva

• keratinized

sulcular epithelium

• lines the gingival sulcus

• a thin layer of non-keratinized squamous epithelium that extends from the coronal limit of the junctional epithelium to the crest of the gingival margin

junctional epithelium

• comprises a collar-like band of non-keratinized squamous epithelium

• the tooth is reinforced by the gingival fibers that brace the marginal gingiva against the tooth surface

• the epithelium which covers the outer  surface of the marginal gingiva and the attached gingiva and comprises keratinized or parakeratinized layers

• the gingival sulcular epithelium which is usually non-keratinized

GINGIVAL EPITHELIUM ALSO DIFFERENTIATES TO FORM 2 EPITHELIAL TYPES:

dentogingival group

dentoalveolar / dentoperiosteal group

alveologingival group

circular group

semicircular group

transseptal group

transgingival group

intergingival group

groups of gingival fibers

DENTOGINGIVAL GROUP

embedded into the cementum just beneath the epithelium at the base of the gingival sulcus

DENTOGINGIVAL GROUP

the fibers then spread in fan-like fashion into the periosteum, crest of interdental gingiva, and attached gingiva

DENTOALVEOLAR / DENTOPERIOSTEAL GROUP

fibers extend to the outer surface of the alveolar bone

ALVEOLOGINGIVAL GROUP

fibers extend from the alveolar crest to the lamina propria of free and attached gingiva

CIRCULAR GROUP

• fibers that encircle the tooth in ring-like fashion

SEMICIRCULAR GROUP

fibers that emanate from the cementum near the CEJ, cross the free gingival margin, and insert into a similar position on the tooth’s opposite side

TRANSSEPTAL GROUP

forms horizontal bundles between the cementum of approximating teeth into which they are embedded

TRANSSEPTAL GROUP

they lie in the area between the epithelium at the base of the gingival sulcus and the crest of the interdental bone

TRANSGINGIVAL GROUP

• seen in and around the teeth within the attached gingiva

INTERGINGIVAL GROUP

seen within the attached gingiva adjacent to the basement membrane extending mesiodistally, providing support and contour for the attached gingiva