L.23 Grammar Structures (WITH examples)

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36 Terms

1
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I was forced to carry a bag by my boss.

私わ部長にかばんをはこばされました。

2
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I was forced to sing a song.

歌を歌わされました。

3
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I am always forced to eat my vegetables.

いつもやさいを食べさせられました。

4
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causative-passive conjugation rules

ru-verbs: drop -ru and add -sase-rare-ru
u-verbs that end w/ す: drop -u and add -ase-rare-ru
all the other u-verbs: drop -u and add -asare-rus
する —> させられる
来る —> 来させられる

<p>ru-verbs: drop -ru and add -sase-rare-ru <br>u-verbs that end w/ す: drop -u and add -ase-rare-ru<br>all the other u-verbs: drop -u and add -asare-rus<br>する —&gt; させられる<br>来る —&gt; 来させられる<br></p>
5
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causative-passive form sentence structure

[puppet] は [puppet master] に [action]

(the subject before は here is the same as a regular, noncausative, nonpassive sentence; aka the opposite of a passative or causative sentence).

6
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〜ても sentence structure

[A (te-form)] + も + [B]

7
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We will have a BBQ, even if it rains.

雨がふっても、バーベキューをします。

8
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I will not turn on the A/C, even if it’s hot.

あつくても、アイコンをつけません。

9
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〜ても conjugation structure

verbs: te-form (negative: なくても usually)
な-adj. and nouns: use でも instead of ても (UNLESS negative: じゃなくても usually works… ish)
い-adj.: く trick (adverb form… ex: さむくても) (negative: くなくても usually)

10
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I have decided to buy a new house.

新しい家を買うことにしました。

11
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I won’t complain from now on.

これからもんくを言わないことにします。

12
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I have decided to continue my study of Japanese/Japanese studies.

日本お勉強を続けることにしました。

13
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I have decided to get up early and go jogging.

早く起きして、ジョッギングすることにしました。

14
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I have made it a rule/habit to get up early and go jogging.

早く起きして、ジョッギングすることにしています。

15
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“have decided to do” structure

[V(short form)] + ことにする
〜ことにしました —> “I have decided to do [thing]”
〜ことにしています —> “I make it a habit/rule to do [thing]”
〜ことにします —> “I have just now decided to do [thing]”
〜ことにしよう —> “I have decided to do [thing] [after much discussion]”

16
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[After discussion], we have decided to take a trip abroad this summer.

今年の夏は海外旅行に行くことにしよう。

17
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I have made it a rule/habit not to talk behind someone’s back.

私は悪口を言わないことにしています。

18
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“until X” sentence structure

[V(short form)] + まで
Note: the verb here must always be in positive short form, never negative.

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Until it clears up [outside], I will wait in the café.

はれるまで、カフェで待ちます。

20
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I won’t quit baseball until [my team] wins a championship.

ゆうしょうするまで、やきゅうをやめません。

21
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“how to do X” sentence structure

[V(masu stem)] + 方

22
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“how to do X” conjugation rules

if the verb is a する verb、then the を before the verb becomes a の. Additionally, add a の before the する. Then, the します changes to し方. Regular verbs that involve を simply have the one を turned into の. 
(ex.: 日本語の勉強のし方 —> how to study Japanese).

23
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how to swim

およぎ方

24
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how to use chopsticks

はしの使い方

25
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“the way people think” or “how to think [about something]”

考え方

26
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how to read kanji

漢字の読み方

27
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how to book a hotel room

ホテルのよやくするのし方。

28
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how to study Japanese

日本語の勉強のし方

29
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There are many ways to eat this vegetable.

このやさいの食べ方はいろいろあります。

30
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Could you please teach me how to write this kanji? [formal]

この漢字の書き方を教えていただきませんか。

31
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How to go to the airport

空港の行き方

32
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The way Tanaka eats ramen is interesting.

田中さんおらめんお食べ方はおもしろいです。

33
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I don’t know how to use this app.

このアプリの使い方がわかりません。

34
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Please explain how to order.

ちゅうもんのし方をせつめしてください。

35
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〜ために sentence structure

[noun] + の + ために + [rest of sentence]

36
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What do you do for your health?

けんこうのために、何をしていますか。