Lab FINAL

what is indicated by the arrow?

pudendal nerve

what is indicated by the arrow? (one name)

greater vestibular gland

what percent of ejaculate volume comes from seminal vesicles?

60%

what is indicated by the arrow?

seminal vesicles

what percent of ejaculate volume comes from prostate gland?

30%

what percent of ejaculate volume comes from bulbourethral/cowper’s glands?

5%

what is indicated in light blue in the photo?

testes

what percent of ejaculate volume comes from the testes/epididymus?

5%

what is the origin of psoas major?

TPs of lumbar vertebrae and intervening IVDs

what muscle is indicated by the arrow?

psoas major

what muscle is indicated in the photo?

quadratus lumborum

Spermatic cord beginning and ending

begins at deep inguinal ring and ends at posterior border of testis

where are spermatic cord coverings derived from?

layers of anterior abdominal wall (external spermatic, cremasteric, internal spermatic layers)

what is the action of psoas major?

flexes thigh; when thighs are fixed it flexes trunk

what is the femoral nerve derived from?

L2, L3, L4

what two nerves are derived from L2, L3, L4?

femoral and obturator nerves

where is genitofemoral nerve in relation to psoas major?

anteriorly

what is the medial branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

genital branch

what is the lateral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

femoral branch

which muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum?

piriformis

what boundary of the pelvis does piriformis contribute to?

posterior

what boundary of the pelvis does obturator internus contribute to?

lateral

what is indicated by the arrow?

obturator internus muscle

what is the origin of the obturator internus?

obturator membrane, internal surface of obturator foramen

what foramen does the obturator internus exit?

lesser sciatic foramen

what foramen does piriformis exit?

greater sciatic foramen

what nerve is highlighted in green?

femoral nerve

what nerve is highlighted in pink?

genitofemoral nerve

what nerve is highlighted in red?

lumbosacral trunk

what nerve is highlighted in green (next to the red)?

obturator nerve

where is the obturator nerve in relation to psoas major?

posterior and medial

where is the femoral nerve in relation to psoas major?

posterior and lateral

what is the nerve supply of psoas major?

Ventral rami of L2-L4 nerves

what is indicated in the photo?

jejunum

which gut is the jejunum a part of?

midgut

what is the arterial supply of the jejunum (midgut)?

superior mesenteric artery

what is the sympathetic nerve supply of the jejunum (midgut)?

lesser and least splanchnic nerves

Where do the lesser and least splanchnic nerves synapse?

superior mesenteric ganglia

Relative location of the jejunum

upper left quadrant

Pain associated with the appendix may be associated with which dermatome/vertebral level?

T10, umbilicus

which artery is indicated in the photo?

celiac trunk

which gut does the celiac trunk supply?

foregut (abdominal organs)

what are the three branches off of the celiac trunk?

left gastric, common hepatic, splenic

what artery is indicated by the arrow in the photo? (artery in answer)

superior mesenteric artery

which part of the duodenum is considered midgut?

last 1/3rd

what is indicated in light blue?

middle colic artery

what does the middle colic artery supply?

first 2/3 of the transverse colon

what is indicated in pink?

right colic artery

what does the right colic artery supply?

ascending colon

what is indicated in green?

ileocolic artery

what does the ileocolic artery supply?

distal ileum, cecum, appendix

what is indicated in yellow?

inferior mesenteric

what are the three branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

left colic, sigmoidal branches, superior rectal

what is indicated in dark blue?

left colic artery

what is indicated in orange?

sigmoidal branches

what is indicated in red?

superior rectal artery

what vessels are indicated by the cursor?

internal iliac artery and vein

what is shown in the photo? what are the two founding tributaries of the vein?

hepatic portal vein, superior mesenteric and splenic are the branches (occasionally inferior mesenteric)

what is indicated by the unlabeled arrow?

ligamentum teres, round ligament of the liver

Ligamentum teres is a remnant of which embryological structure?

obliterated umbilical vein

Caudate lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe of the liver by what vein?

inferior vena cava

The caudate lobe of the liver forms which boundary of the foramen of winslow (aka epiploic foramen)?

superior boundary

Caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver are functionally related to which lobe

left lobe

Caudate and quadrate lobes of the liver are structurally related to which lobe

right lobe

What separates the caudate and left lobes of the liver?

ligamentum venosum

what is indicated in red?

ligamentum venosum

What embryological structure is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

ductus venosus

what is indicated in red? (r first)

round ligament of the liver, ligamentum teres

what does the ligamentum teres separate?

left and quadrate lobes

what is indicated by the arrow?

proper hepatic artery

What is proper hepatic artery a branch off of?

common hepatic artery

which vein is indicated by the arrow?

hepatic portal vein

what are the portal triad?

hepatic portal vein, proper hepatic artery, common bile duct

what is indicated by the R and L?

right and left hepatic ducts

what do the right and left hepatic ducts anastomose to form?

common hepatic duct

What does the anastomose of the cystic and common hepatic ducts form?

common bile duct

what is indicated in green?

left gastric artery

what is the left gastric artery a branch off of?

celiac trunk

what is indicated in pink?

inferior suprarenal artery

what is inferior suprarenal artery a branch off of?

renal arteries

what is it called when the renal pelvis narrows?

ureter

what is the most posterior (renal vein, artery, or pelvis) anteriorly regarding the hilum of the kidney?

renal pelvis

what is indicated in white/cream?

renal pelvis

what is indicated by the arrow?

ureter

what is indicated by the number 1?

renal artery

what do renal arteries break up into?

segmental arteries → lobar arteries → arcuate → interlobular/cortical radiate…

what is indicated in green?

ureters

what is indicated in orange?

internal iliac artery

what is indicated in light blue?

urinary trigone

what is the physiological significance of the urinary trigone?

most sensitive to stretch, no folds

what opening is found at the superior angles of the urinary trigone?

ureters (enter obliquely to prevent backflow)

what opening is found at the interior angles of the urinary trigone?

internal urethral meatus

what spinal levels are the pudendal nerve derived from?

S2-S4

what is indicated by the black arrow?

pudendal nerve

what muscle does the pudendal nerve innervate?

external urethral sphincter

what do renal pyramids drain into?

minor calyx

where do minor calyxes drain into?

major calyx

where does the quadratus lumborum originate?

ileolumbar ligament

what is the insertion of psoas major?

lesser trochanter of the femur

which muscles fuse before inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur?

psoas major and iliacus