micro prac ques

B

transfer of cell DNA by means of a bacterial virus (phage or bacteriophage)
A. Transformation
B. Transduction
C. Conjugation
D. Translation

B

ability of a microorganism to cause a disease
A. Pathogenesis
B Pathogenicity
C. Etiology
D. Reservoir

D

A semi-synthetic culture media containing egg yolk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A. Loeffler's Serum Media
B. Bordet-Gengou Agar
C. Thayer's Martin Agar
D. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar

B

A modified chocolate agar selective for Neisseria gonorrhea
A. Bordet-Gengou Agar
B. Thayer's Martin Agar
C. Loeffler's Serum Media
D. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar

C

site of lipid synthesis in cells
A. Rough golgi
B. Smooth golgi
C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

The ion found on chlorophyll and is used to maintain the integrity of ribosomes.
A. Magnesium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
E. Iron

C

Which among the following is correct about
GPB (gram-positive bacteria)?
A. contains a thicker and multilayer of cellulose
B. contains LPS and lipoprotein
C. contains a thicker and multilayer of peptidoglycan
D. contains a single layer of peptidoglycan

D

It refers to a disease that is acquired by humans
from animals
A. normal flora
B. formite
C. botanical
D. zoonotic
E. inanimate

A

Enzymes that destroy both neutrophilic
leukocytes and macrophages:
A. leucocidin
B. hypothermic factors
C. lecithinase
D. hemolysin
E. IgA protease

E

Which among the following microbes were
discovered by Robert Koch:
Tuberculosis
Cholera
Anthrax

A. 1 and 3
B. 2 only
C. 2 and 3
D. 3 only
E. 1, 2 and 3

E

A theory stating that life can arise spontaneously from nonliving material
A. Selective toxicity
B. Germ Theory of Disease
C. Vital force theory
D. Biogenesis
E. Spontaneous Generation

A

These are straight filaments arising from the bacterial cell wall, making the bacterium look like porcupine.
A. fimbriae
B. flagella
C. endospores
D. capsule
E. viral envelop

D

Are substances that are typically produced by bacteria, which are released and capable of producing a fever
A. Halogens
B. Pathogens
C. Neurogens
D. Pyrogens

A

Discovered the immunization for diphtheria
A. Emil von Behring
B. Dmitri Iwanoski
C. Ignaz Semmelweis
D. Wendell Stanley
E. John Tyndall

C

It is the term used to describe the various bacteria and fungi that are permanent residents of certain body sites.
A. NormoBiota
B. Macrobiota
C. Microbiota or Nomal Flora
D. Pathobiota

B

One in which the invading microorganisms are
limited to a relatively small are of the body
A. focal infection
B. local infection
C. chronic infection
D. primary infection
E. acute infection

A

Which among the following are attributable to Leeuwenhoek?
I. Father of Microbiology
II. Father of Protozoology
III. Father of Bacteriology
IV. Father of Chemotherapy
V. Father of Immunology

A. 1, 2, and 3
B. all of these
C. 1, 3 and 5
D. 3 only
E. 1 and 3

C

Occurs when nutrient depletion or toxic products cause growth to slow until the number of new cells produced balances the number of the cells that die, resulting in a steady state.
A. Death phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Decline phase
E. Lag phase

B

On March 11, 2020, the COVID infection was declared by the WHO as?
A. Sporadic
B. Pandemic
C. Epidemic
D. Endemic

E

___________ are resting cells that are highly resistant structures formed in response to adverse conditions. It also contains dipicolinic acid.
A. pili
B. flagella
C. murein
D. mesosomes
E. spores

B

A cell type that has specialized compartments which are not separated by membranes.
A. EUKARYOTES
B. PROKARYOTES

A

Is a quantitative measure of pathogenicity and is measured by the number of organisms required to cause a disease, the pathogenicity of an organism is due to its virulence factors.
A. Virulence
B. Latency
C. Prodromal
D. Fomite

B

It refers to the invasion or colonization of the body by pathogenic microorganisms.
A. Prevalence
B. Infection
C. Epidemic
D. Communicable disease

A

Eosin Methylene Blue is an example of ____________ culture media.
A. Differential
B. Anaerobic
C. Selective
D. Simple

B

These are microorganisms that can cause the infection or disease.
A. Halogens
B. Pathogens
C. Neurogens
D. Oxygens

D

An organelle is the portion of a cell enclosed by a membrane. Based on this, which of the ff is not strictly an organelle?
A. Nucleus
B. ER
C. Lysosomes
D. Ribosomes
E. Mitochondria

C

Process of propagating microorganisms by providing proper environmental conditions and nutrients.
A. Breeding
B. Farming
C. Cultivation
D. Production

B

These are pieces of DNA that move readily from one site to another, either within or between DNAs of bacteria, plasmids, or bacteriophages.
A. Peptidoglycan
B. Transposons
C. Plasmids
D. Glycocalyx

C

The ff are temperature requirements, which among the ff are correctly matched?
I. Psychrophiles - cold loving
II. Mesophiles - ambient temperature
III. Thermophiles - heat loving
IV. Halophiles - grows in high salt concentration
A. 3 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1, 2, 3 and 4
D. 1 and 2
E. 1 and 3

A

Normal Flora can constitute a protective host a defense mechanism.
A. True
B. False

A

A relatively short period where non-specific symptoms occur- fever, malaise, and loss of appetite.
A. prodromal period
B. specific-illness period
C. decline period
D. Incubation period
E. convalescent period

D

These are minute organisms that individually are too small to be seen by the naked eye:
I. Microorganisms
II. Germs
III. Microbes
A. I and II only
B. I only
C. II and III only
D. All of these

A

Which among the ff is/are correctly matched?
I. Diplo - when bacteria come in pairs
II. Strep - when bacteria come in chains
III. Staph - when bacteria come in clusters
A. I, II, and III
B. II and III
C. II only
D. I and II
E. NONE

C

These are similar to facultative, but they grow best in the absence of oxygen.
A. Halotolerants
B. Oxytolerants
C. Aerotolerants
D. Anaerobes

D

The current reported cases of death associated to cholera in the country (Feb 2022) can be referred to as:
A. SPORADIC
B. RARE
C. PANDEMIC
D. OUTBREAK
E. ENDEMIC

B

1st line of defense, nonspecific to the invading pathogen, rapidly mobilized at the site of infection, lacks immunologic memory
A. secretive immunity
B. innate immunity
C. adaptive immunity

B

It refers to the steps or mechanisms involved in the development of a disease.
A. Pandemesis
B. Pathogenesis
C. Parthenogenesis
D. Neogenesis

B

A relationship that manifests the reciprocity of benefits between the organisms involved.
A. Commensalism
B. Mutualism
C. Symbiosis
D. Parasitism
E. Predation

D

Are toxins produced inside bacterial cells and
are released to the surrounding medium.
A. Endotoxins
B. Aflatoxins
C. Ergotoxins
D. Exotoxins

E

Which among the following are correctly
paired?
I. Cocci - round-shaped bacteria
II. Bacilli- rod-shaped bacteria
III. Spirochetes - spiral shaped bacteria
A. 1 and 2
B. 3 only
C. 2 and 3
D. 1 only
E. 1, 2 and 3

A

½ of the dry weight of a typical bacterial cell is
carbon. It is usually obtained from carbon
dioxide.
A. True
B. False

A

A type of relationship that involves one-sided beneficial relationship which usually ends up in a harmful relationship for one organism.
A. Parasitism
B. Predation
C. Mutualism
D. Symbiosis
E. Commensalism

A

The most important reservoir of the human body itself- it can be people with the disease as well as carriers.
A. True
B. False

B

The fraction of the population having a disease at a specified time.
A. Incidence
B. Prevalence
C. Endemic
D. Sporadic

C

Cannot grow in the presence of oxygen because they lack superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalyze enzymes.
A. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe
B. Microaerophilic organisms
C. Obligate or Strict anaerobes
D. Facultative Anaerobes

D

Enzymes that cause the lysis of RBCs and provide the microorganisms with a source of iron.
A. hypothermic factors
B. IgA protease
C. lecithinase
D. hemolysin
E. leucocidin

D

COVID-19 infection was declared by the WHO as Public Health Emergency of International Concern and declared as an ________________ on 30 Jan 2020.
A. SPORADIC
B. RARE
C. PANDEMIC
D. OUTBREAK
E. ENDEMIC

D

Which among the ff. is/are correctly matched?
I. Acidophiles - pH 3.0 or acidic (ex: fungi)
II. Basophiles/Alkalophiles - pH 10.5 or basic (ex. Vibrios)
III. Neutrophiles - pH 6 to 8 or neutral (ex: majority of microorganisms)
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 2
D. 1, 2, and 3
E. 1 and 3

C

Malaria is transmitted via:
A. IV fluids
B. droplet
C. vector
D. food-borne
E. sneezing

C

A person who had completely recovered from the disease but continue to harbor the pathogen indefinitely:
A. Non-living carrier
B. Convalescent carrier
C. Active carrier
D. Passive carrier
E. Incubatory carrier

D

Which of the ff. microorganisms stain well?
A. Chlamydia
B. Legionella pneumophila
C. Treponema
D. E. Coli

E

"Spreading factor", breaks down hyaluronic acid (the polysaccharide that cements or holds tissue together) and allows the spread of bacteria through connective tissues
A. Pili
B. Capsule
C. Hemolysin
D. Coagulase
E. Hyaluronidase

C

Requires 21% of oxygen to grow and they
usually possess SOD and catalase enzymes
A. Facultative Anaerobes
B. Obligate or Strict anaerobes
C. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe
D. Microaerophilic organisms

A

A protein that is produced in response to a
particular pathogen, usually during adaptive immune response.
A. Antibody
B. Antigen
C. IgG
D. Phagocytes
E. WBCs

B

Examples of enriched culture media:
I. Milk agar
II. Chocolate agar
III. Blood agar
A. 1 and 2
B. 1, 2, and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 3 only
E. 2 and 3

C

Grows at moderate salt concentration but grows best in its absence.
I. Halotolerant
II. Osmophiles
III. Osmotolerant
IV. Xerophiles

A. 3 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 4 only
E. 1 only

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora found on:
A. skin
B. throat
C. colon
D. mouth
E nose

D

Refers to the for a cell to divide or population to double.
A. Multiplying time
B. Division time
C. Cultivation time
D. Generation time

A

is the study of what genes are, how they carry info, how it is expressed, and how they are replicated and passed to the subsequent generations or other organism.
A. Genetics
B. Geneology
C. Genesis
D. Genomes

C

Cell eating
A. exocytosis
B. endocystosis
C. phagocytosis
D. chemotaxis

C

A vehicle transmission refers to the transmission
of the disease agents through a medium such as
water, food, air, blood, body fluids and even
drugs and IV fluids, which among the following
is an example?
A. Yellow fever
B. Malaria
C. Hepatitis B
D. Dengue
E. Chikungunya

A

It is the transfer of DNA itself from one cell to
another.
A. Transformation
B. Transduction
C. Conjugation
D. Translation

B

Organelle- free cell sap where metabolic
pathways such as glycolysis, glycogenesis, and
fatty acid synthesis is commonly seen on:
A. cytoplasm
B. cytosol
C. nuclear envelop
D. nucleus
E. plasma membrane

E

An exoenzyme that can cause massive
destruction of tissue leading to tissue death.
A. fibrinolysin
B. hyaluronidase
C. coagulase
D. collagenase
E. necrotizing enzymes

D

Which of the following is not true related to
endotoxins:
A. Can be linked to Meningococcemia
B. Produced by gram negative microorganisms
C. Can cause fever
D. Endotoxins are secreted from cells

E

A person who can transmit a pathogen during
the incubation period of a particular disease.
A. Non-living carrier
B. Convalescent carrier
C. Active carrier
D. Passive carrier
E. Incubatory carrier

A

A type of relationship in which one species of organism uses the body or a larger species as its physical environment and makes use of the environment to acquire nutrients.
A. Commensalism
B. Mutualism
C. Symbiosis
D. Parasitism
E. Predation

C

Organelle which serves as site of electron transport chain and capable of generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
A. cyst
B. endoplasmic reticulum
C. mitochondria
D. golgi apparatus
E. merozoites

A

Direct transmission of an agent by physical
contact between its source and susceptible host.
A. Direct contact
B. Vector transmission
C. Vehicle transmission
D. Indirect contact

B

Require small amounts of oxygen equivalent to 5%
A. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe
B. Microaerophilic organisms
C. Facultative Anaerobes
D. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

A

According to Koch's postulates, cultured microorganisms should cause disease when introduced into healthy organisms.
A. True
B. False

C

An "outbreak", a disease that occurs much more
frequently than usual in a particular region usually occurring in a relatively short period of time.
A. Sporadic
B. Pandemic
C. Epidemic
D. Endemic

B

are small extrachromosomal, circular DNA molecules present in prokaryotes.
A. Plastids
B. Plasmids
C. Mesosomes
D. Ribosomes

A

Phase during vigorous metabolic activity occurs but cells do not divide.
A. Lag phase
B. Stationary phase
C. Death phase
D. Log phase
E. Decline phase

C

Which of the ff is true of Staphylococcus epidermidis?
I. Catalase-positive
II. Coagulase-positive
III. Facultative
A. II only
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. II and III
E. I only

C

Lipopolysaccharides are correctly described as:
I. Found in both Gram (-) and Gram (+)
bacteria
II. Contains lipid A as part of its structure
III. Infection of which are treated by antitoxin
A. 1 only
B. 3 only
C. 2 only
D. 1 and 3
E. 2 and 3

A

Can be used for Bordetella pertussis:
A. Bordet-Gengou Agar
B. Lowenstein-Jenssen Agar
C. Loeffler's Serum Media
D. Thayer's Martin Agar

A

Selman Waksman's discovery of which among
the following drugs:
A. Streptomycin
B. Penicillin
C. Salvarsan
D. Gramicidin
E. Prontosil

C

This term refers to the organisms like a type of bacteria with variable shapes.
A. Pseudomorphic
B. Ectomorphic
C. Pleomorphic
D. Endomorphic

B

Which of the following is the most important
structure related to microbial attachment to cells?
A. Flagellum
B. Glycocalyx
C. Peptidoglycan
D. Chloroplast
E. Plasmi

D

Which of the following is not a gram-negative bug?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Bordetella pertussis
C. Vibrio cholerae
D. Clostridium Perfringens

C

It is the mating of the 2 bacterial cells during which DNA was transferred from the donor to the recipient cells and is usually controlled by a plasmid.
A. Transformation
B. Transduction
C. Conjugation
D. Translation

A

An infection that results in overt symptoms (no manifestations) and can be detected only by demonstrating a rise in antibody titer or by isolating the microorganism.
A. subclinical infection
B. primary infection
C. focal infection
D. chronic infection
E. secondary infection

D

A mixture of nutrient agar and 5% sheep's blood for hemolytic microorganisms
A. Chocolate Agar
B. Milk Agar
C. Chocolate Agar
D. Blood Agar
E. Agar agar

B

This organelle is referred to as "suicide bag" due to presence of enzymes.
A. Liposomes
B. Lysosomes
C. Mesosomes
D. Ribosomes

A

A specialized structure outside the cell wall that is attributable as the "virulence factor" on some bacteria.
A. capsule
B. pili
C. Slime layer
D. flagella
E. Glycocalyx

C

It refers to the study of immune response
A. Parasitology
B. Biology
C. Immunology
D. Microbiology

A

Father of handwashing
A. Ignaz Semmelweis
B. Emil von Behring
C. Wendell Stanley
D. Dmitri Iwanoski
E. John Tyndall

C

May or may not survive in the presence of oxygen and they possess either SOD or catalase.
A. Aerobes or Obligate Aerobe
B. Microaerophilic organisms
C. Facultative Anaerobes
D. Obligate or Strict anaerobes

E

Infection in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time but then becomes active to produce symptoms of the disease.
A. Chronic
B. Acute
C. Signs
D. Symptoms
E. Latent

C

Occurs when nutrient depletion or toxic products cause growth to slow until the number of new cells produced balances the number of cells that die, resulting in a steady state.
A. Death phase
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Decline phase
E. Lag phase

B

Who among the ff listed below introduced the concept of Cell Theory?
A. Galileo Galilee
B. Robert Hooke
C. Johansen Janssen
D. Benjamin Martin
E. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

B

Sneezing, coughing, laughing, and talking is an example of:
A. Contact Transmission
B. Droplet Transmission
C. Vehicle Transmission
D. Vector Transmission

D

A disease that is spread from one person to another person.
A. Infection
B. Prevalence
C. Epidemic
D. Communicable disease

E

An example of rapid lactose fermenter:
A. Serratia
B. Shigella
C. Salmonella
D. Proteus
E. Escherichia coli

D

The recovery period during which illness abates and the patient returns to the healthy state.
A. Incubation
B. Prodromal
C. Decline
D. Convalescent
E. Specific-illness

C

It is a branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms and their activities.
A. Biology
B. Micrology
C. Microbiology
D. Macrobiology

E

The eukaryotic ribosomes complex of the 40s and 60s
A. 60s
B. 70s
C. 40s
D. 100s
E. 80s

B

A substance that induces the production of antibodies.
A. Antibody
B. Antigen
C. IgG
D. Phagocytes
E. WBCs

B

Which of the following cellular structures is unique in eukaryotes?
A. ribosomes
B. internal cellular membrane
C. plasma membrane
D. endoplasmic reticulum
E. golgi body