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Rank attractive forces from strongest to weakest.
Covalent network > Ionic > Metallic > Polar molecular > Non-polar molecular (London dispersion).
Rank crystal types from highest to lowest melting point.
Covalent network > Ionic > Metallic > Polar molecular > Non-polar molecular.
Hypothesis linking force strength & melting point.
If attractive forces are strong, then the melting point will be high because more energy is required to separate particles.
How do charged particles (ions) affect properties?
Strong electrostatic attraction → high melting point, brittle, sometimes conduct in liquid form.
How do mobile electrons affect metal properties?
Allow conductivity and make metals malleable and ductile.
Why does size/arrangement of particles matter?
Larger or more loosely packed particles have weaker forces → softer or lower melting point.