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Genetics
Branch of Biology that studies the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Gregor Mendel
Father of Genetics
First person to successful predict the inheritance of traits
Famous for his Pea experiments
Chromosome
Condensed DNA that carry genetic info in the form of genes
Genes
A segment of DNA that carries the info to a certain trait
Allele
Different form of a gene
Dominant
Trait that will always appear when present in a gene
Recessive
Trait that will only appear if there is no dominant allele to cover it
Gene Locus
The specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Homozygous (AA, aa)
Same type of allele
Heterozygous (Aa)
Different type of allele
F1
First Filial Generation
Punnett Square
Diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of the offspring of a couple
Genotype
The combination of alleles for a trait
Ex- AA, Aa., aa
Phenotype
The physical/seen traits of an organism
Ex- Brown Eyes, Red Hair, Ugly
Monohybrid Cross (Aa x Aa)
A cross between 2 parents involving only ONE trait
Dihybrid Cross (AaBb x AaBb)
A cross between 2 parents involving TWO traits
Genotype Ratio
The amount of times every type of genotype appears in a cross
Ex-
Aa x Aa = 1:2:1
Phenotype Ratio
The amount of times every type of phenotype appears in a cross
Ex-
Aa x Aa = 3:1
Incomplete Dominance
When both the dominant and recessive alleles in a heterozygous individual are partially expressed, resulting in an intermediate phenotype
Ex-
Black x White = Grey
Co-Dominance
When both alleles in a heterozygous individual are expressed
Ex-
Blood Type AB
Black x White = Black with White Spots