DNA/Genetics

Alleles

Alternate forms of a gene (ex: tall vs. short)

Genotype

Combination of alleles used to represent a trait

Homozygous

True-breeding or purebread

Codominance

Inheritance pattern of blood type AB

F1 Generation

Offspring or progeny of the P generation

Incomplete dominance

A black dog and white dog making all gray puppies

Heterozygous

Hh

Pedigree

A chart or biological family tree that traces a trait through generations

A dominant allele always…

masks the recessive allele

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Mendel’s law of segregation

Allele pairs separate during meiosis

Genotype is…

genetic makeup

Phenotype is…

physical makeup

3

How many different phenotypes can be produced in codominance?

Monohybrid

Mono = 1 trait

Dihybrid

Di = 2 traits

Sex-linked traits are more common in males or females?

males

Variation in human skin color

Polygenic traits examples

TT, Tt are both examples of…

dominant alleles

tt is an example of…

recessive allele

Tt is considered to be…

Heterozygous

TT is considered to be…

Homozygous

Transcription, translation, protein

the order

what does a STOP codon mean?

Protein can’t be made

DNA polymerase

Adds DNA bases to growing strand

Ligase

Removes RNA primer from lagging strand and glues strands together

Helicase

Unzips the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen base

Primase

Builds RNA primer for the lagging strand

Silent mutation

Mutation results in the change of the sequence of amino acids, while the function stays the same

Nucleotide

A 5 carbon sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base

Thymane

Which nitrogenous is base is NOT found in mRNA?

Take place in the nucleus; DNA to RNA

Transcription

Takes place at the ribosomes; RNA to protein

Translation

Series of the 3 bases on mRNA

Codon

Series of 3 bases complementary to mRNA

Anticodon

Grows continuously 5’ to 3’

Leading strand

Lagging Strand

Grows discontinuously in Okazaki fragments