PSYC mid term

an alarm reaction to immediate danger or threat

fear

fear arousal

high

a negative mood state characterized by apprehension about future danger or misfortune

anxiety

anxiety arousal

moderate

recurrent, unexpected panic attacks

panic disorder

attacks must be followed by one month or more of persistent worry about having more attacks or significant maladaptive change in behavior

panic disorder criteria

SSRI then benzodiazepines

medication for panic disorders

Panic control treatment, exposure to feared internal sensations, to break the catastrophic cycle

Therapy for panic disorder

excessive anxiety and worry occurring most days for at least six months about a number of different events or activities

generalized anxiety disorder

restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance

GAD physical symptoms

CBT involves confronting the function of worry and teaching coping skills for tolerance of uncertainty

therapy GAD

SSRI and buspar

Medication for GAD

marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

specific phobia

the fear is persistent, out of proportion to the actual danger, and leads to immediate avoidance

Specific phobia criteria

classical and operant conditioning

causes of specific phobia

exposure therapy; gradual systemic exposure to the feared object or situation until habituation occurs

treatment for specific phobia

marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others

social anxiety disorder

being negatively evaluated (humuluated, embarassed, rejected)

central fear for SAD

what disorder can have performance specification; fear is restricted to speaking or performing in public

SAD performance anxiety

The tendency to overestimate the threat of social situations and engage in safety behaviors which prevent disconfirming evidence becoming a pattern

symptoms of SAD

CBT and group CBT that utilizes exposure to social situations and cognitive resturcturing to change negative self preceptions

treatments for SAD 

SSRIs

Medication for SAD

presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both

Criteria for OCD

recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted, and cause marked anxiety/ distress

obsessions

repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules

compulsions

to reduce the distress/ anxiety caused by the obsession or to prevent a feared outcome, though they are not connected in a realistic way

purpose of compulsion

may involve abnormalities in the orbital frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, and caudate nucleus

causes of OCD

high doses of SSRI

medication for OCD

exposure and response prevention

therapies for OCD

a mental health condition characterized by persistent physical symptoms that are not fully explained by a medical condition

somatic disorders

intentional production of or faking of physical symptoms for
external gain

Malingering

With no external gain and with deception, a person will falsify symptoms or induce an injury or illness about self or another

Factitious Disorder/Factitious Disorder imposed on another

persistent worry of having an illness and often trying to self-diagnosis despite any evidence of symptoms or diagnosis, symptoms must last for 6 months to qualify for diagnosis and must impact daily life functioning

illness anxiety disorder

a person’s psychological worry or concern is transformed into a physical symptom, often related to motor or sensory functioning

functional neurological disorder

combines knowledge of social and medical sciences to improve health and combat illness

behavioral medicine

studies the relationship between the immune/ defense system and the stress response

psychoneuroimmunology

studies how psychological factors affect wellness, illness, and medical treatments

health psychology/ coaching

state of minimal consciousness associeated with reduced motor and sensory activity

sleep

phase between relaxed wakefulness and sleep, theta brain patterns, can have wandering thoughts

stage 1 of sleep

brain emits sleep spindles (small bursts of brain activity) and K-complexes which includes memory consolidation and the inhibition of activity

stage 2 of sleep

delta brain waves begin, rested state can be achieved including lower levels of breathing, blood pressure, heartbeat, and use of oxygen

stage 3 of sleep

Deepest sleep, can take up to 15 minutes to wake from, will have difficulty hearing even loud noises

stage 4 of sleep

periods of light sleep throughout the sleep cycle characterized by darting eye movements and dreams

REM sleep

sleep lab study of physiological activity

polysomnography

brain wave activity

electroencephalograph

measures muscle movement

actigraphy

electrical activity of the heart

electrocardiogram

number and speed of eye movements

electrooculogram

inability to fall or stay asleep, waking up too early and/ or having non refreshing sleep

insomnia

periodicaly stopping breathing during sleep, can be influences by obesity

sleep apnea

episodes of sudden sleep during the day, can have episodes of cataplexy

narcolepsy

excessive sleepiness

hypersomnolence disorder

misalignment between internal and external influences on sleep and wakefulness causing persistent sleepiness caused by change in the cardian rhythm

caridac rhythm sleep wake disorder

abnormal behaviors associated with sleep

parasomnias

overwhelming urges to engage in behaviors that may violate the rights of others or in less severe ways, conflict with societal norms

impulse control disorder

outbursts of verbal and/or physical/property destruction aggression, diagnosed in childhood after the age of 6, at least 2 acts of aggression weekly for a 12-month period

intermittent explosive disorder

an irresistible drive toward fire setting that is recurring, deliberate
and purposeful

pyromania

inability to resist the urge to take items even when they are not needed

kelptomania

diagnosed in childhood, marked by repeated symptoms in the following areas: irritability/ anger, defiance/argumentative, and/or vindictive behavior for at least six months

oppositional defiant disorder

Children and adolescents may be diagnosed due to physically violent behavior toward others, animals, and/or property. One specifier in the diagnosis is the callous-unemotional type, when a child or adolescent has a shallow emotions and lacks feelings of guilt or empathy

conduct disorder