Unit 5 - The Enlightenment

5 main ideas of enlightenment

natural rights, social contract, purpose of government, separation of powers, and individual rights

Natural Right

Everyone has the right to life, liberty, and property

Social Contract

people give up small freedoms in return for protection and order

Purpose of Government

ideas and rules the government should follow - good treatment and protection of citizens

Separation of Powers

multiple branches of government

Individual Rights

freedom of thought and expression

What reasons did people have for separating from their governments?

Governments are created to protect the people and they get their power from the people. If government fails it is the right of the people to change their government

Thomas Hobbes

humans should give up their rights to and absolute dictatorship - social contract

Voltaire

Intolerance, prejudice, and superstition are humanity's worst enemies but they have the right to say what they believe without punishment

John Locke

natural rights that cannot be taken away, consent of people, social contract (separate from giving up all rights)

Cesare Beccaria

Governments must protect the rights of their citizens keep social order - civil protection and right

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Governments must be created by and governed by the people

Mary Wollstonecraft

Women need education like men and should enter the male-dominated world

Baron de Montesquieu

separation of powers and checks and balances

Enlightenment

shinning light on new ways of thinking, enlighten

democracy

Government in which power lies with the people

Roman Catholic Church

was against the ideas of the Enlightenment because they were being questioned - ex. Earth revolves around the sun rather than Earth being the center of the universe

absolute monarchs

power was challenge with the ideas of the Enlightenment

reformation

shows similar ideas of challenging powerful institutions and enacting change

age of exploration and discovery

caused abusive rights in slave trade and colonies that enlightenment ideas were used to revolt

renaissance

both had an increase in thinking which caused new ideas

dictatorship

government in which the ruler has supreme power