2nd Set Flash Cards RPSGT

What additional channels are typically included when performing a REM behavior disorder study?

Arm EMG channels

What filter directly impacts the fall time?

The low-frequency filter

When looking at a calibration wave, what is the rise time?

The amount of time it takes for the wave to travel from it’s baseline to 63% of its peak.

What is the recommended HFF setting for EOG channel?

35 Hz

define double referencing

Using cables or software settings to link two reference leads to each other to decrease or eliminate artifact.

define electrical noise

sixty-hz artifact. unwanted signals are achieved when impedances are high or a poor connection exist

define esophageal balloon

A device inserted into the esophagus to measure small changes in airway resistance

Define G2

grid 2/gate 2. Second input terminal on a differential amplifier, or the reference electrode

Define fibromyalgia

A disorder characterized by muscle pain/fatigue

define G1 curve

Grid 1/gate 1. refers to the first input terminal on a differential amplifier or the exploring electrode.

Define hypnagogic foot tremor (HFT)

A sleep disorder characterized by rhythmic leg or foot movements at sleep onset

Define expiratory phase

The segment of the respiratory cycle in which air is exhaled

Define glutamate

Excitatory amino acids that project to the cortex, forebrain, and brainstem

Define Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A neurotransmitter involved in relaxation, sleep, decreased emotional reaction and sedation

Define exploring electrode

An electrode/sensor used to detect electrical activity in a specified area of the head or body

Define histamine

a chemical in the brain responsible for activation of the cortex

define flattening index

A calculation referring to the level of airflow limitation caused by partial obstructions of the upper airway

Define gain control

an amplifier setting that allows the user to multiply the height of a wave

define frequency response

a graphical depiction of an amplifier’s ability to filter unwanted signals at varying frequencies

define histogram

a display of sleep stages achieved throughout the sleep period

define isomorphism

acting out dreams

define masseter

a muscle in the chin and jaw area

define internodal pathways

the pathways which the electrical impulses of the heart follow, from the SA node to the AV node

define intercostal EMG

an EMG channel used to measure respiratory effort by detecting activity in the intercostal muscles

define mechanical baseline

the vertical placement of a pen when the power to the amplifier is turned off

define neurotransmitters

chemicals in the brain that allow for the exchange of impulses from one neuron to the next

define myoclonus

extremely brief muscle contractions or twitches

define perceptual disengagement

change in consciousness that occurs at sleep onset in which the senses become partially or fully blocked

define nocturia

excessive or frequent urination during the night

define Parkinson’s disease

often causes chronic pain and tremor and results in disruptions to normal sleep

define strain gauge

a device to monitor expansion and contraction levels

define periodic breathing

episodes of repetitive central apneas

define sleep hyperhydrosis

profuse or excessive sweating during sleep

define sleep architecture

the pattern and percentage of REM and NREM stages of sleep achieved throughout the night

define sleep-onset imagery

the presence of mental images and experiences during the transition from wake to sleep

define suprachiasmatic nucleus

a structure in the brain responsible for the 24-hour circadian rhythm

define soporific

a term describing something that causes sleep

define thalamus

a structure in the brain responsible for relaying certain sensory info from the body to different parts of the brain

define time axis

the horizontal time line of the polysomnogram that ensures the temporal relationship between signals being displayed

define transmembrane potential

electrical activity across the cell surfaces

define water-filled catheter

a device used to detect respiratory effort

define thermoregulation

inherent regulation of the body temp in mammals

define sleep mentation

thoughts and feelings that take place during sleep

define noradrenaline

a chemical in the brain that maintains and enhances the activation of the cerebral cortex

define phase advance

a change in sleep to an earlier period in the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle

define pneumatic respiration transducer

a device for detecting respiratory effort that uses a cuff and bladder

define phase delay

a change in sleep to a later period in the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle

define reticular activating system (RAS)

a system in the brain causing wakefulness and alertness

define pineal gland

a gland in the brain that secretes melatonin

define serotonin

chemical in the brain that affects mood, appetite, aggression, body temp, and sleep

define SaO2

the amount of oxygen in the blood as read by an arterial blood gas

define diurnal

referring to something that occurs during daytime

define compliance

the ability to adhere or conform with treatment

define confusional arousal

an event characterized by awakening with the disorientation and decreased mentation

define electrical baseline

the vertical position of the pen when the power to the amplifier is turned on

define catathrenia

another name for sleep-related groaning

define biofeedback

a treatment for insomnia in which a patient learns to control biological activity

define bioelectrical potentials

electrical signals that originate from a living source

define common mode rejection ratio (CMRR)

a rating of the ability of a differential amplifier to eliminate identical inputs

define capnograph

a recording of carbon dioxide levels over a period of time

define bipolar montage

a channel setup based on recordings from two exploring electrodes

the EEGs are a low-voltage, mixed-frequency pattern, and the EOGs show slow eye movements. What stage is this?

N1

What should be used to clean nondisposable sensors?

a disinfectant solution such as control III

What is the duration requirement for a run of sleep spindles?

0.5 seconds

What is the duration requirement for a K-complex?

0.5 seconds

What are the infant sleep stages?

Wake, NREM, and REM

What should be done during CPAP titration if central apneas persist?

decrease CPAP or switch to bi-level PAP according to la protocol

In what channels are alpha waves seen most prominently?

O1/O2 occipital

What is the amplitude requirement for a K-complex?

there is no amplitude requirement

What type of soap should be used when washing hands?

antimicrobial

For what age group are the infant sleep-staging guidelines recommended?

Infant 0-2 months postterm

What patient privacy rule did the U.S Dept of Health and Human Services initiate in 1996?

HIPPA

What is the frequency range for sleep spindles?

11-16 Hz

What is the amplitude requirements for slow waves in N3?

75 microvolts

For what age group are the pediatric sleep-staging guidelines recommended?

2 months postterm to 18 years old

What is the predominant EEG activity seen in pediatric patients in relaxed wakefulness with eyes closed?

dominant posterior rhythm (DPR)

Define psychophysiological insomnia

a type of chronic insomnia caused by a learned response to not fall asleep when planned

Increasing the sensitivity setting from 10 microvolts/mm to 20 microvolts/mm will do what to the appearance of the wave?

it will cut the height of the wave in half

During the ight, the tech notices that the C3 channel appears slightly darker than the other EEG channels. What should she do first?

Run an impedance check. If the impedance in this channel is higher that 5 kohms, the electrode should be reapplied or replaced.

The airflow channel squares rather than rounds at the peaks. What should the technician do?

adjust the sensitivity setting to correct the pen blocking artifact.

What waveform characteristic is directly affected by the voltage of the input signal?

Amplitude

define sleep-related nonobstructive alveolar hypoventilation

This disorder is characterized by abnormally elevated arterial PCO2 (>45mmHg), or hypercapnia, during sleep

Define ambulatory sleep study

a sleep study using mobile equipment to study the patient in a hospital room or at home

Define acetylcholine

a chemical in the brain responsible for activation of the cortex

What is the difference between an AC signal and a DC signal?

AC signals can alternate quickly between positive and negative voltages, whereas DC signals change slowly and range from 0 to 1V

Define automatism

actions performed without intent or awareness

define alveolar hypoventilation

a disorder characterized by hypercapnia, oxygen desaturations and EEG arousals

define attenuation

A marked decrease in the amplitude of a wave

define actigraph

a device used to measure movement, usually over long periods of time

What is the recommended LFF setting for the SpO2 channel?

SpO2 is a DC channel, no filters are set

What is the frequency range for alpha waves?

9-13 Hx

What is the frequency range for slow waves in N3?

0.5-2 Hz

What channel types are typically included in an MSLT montage unless otherwise indicated?

EEG, EOG, chin EMG, and EKG

Where is the reference electrode placed on a two-lead EKG for a sleep study?

high on the right chest, horizontally aligned with the right shoulder

What does a frequency-response curve show?

The amplifier’s ability to eliminate unwanted signals through the use of filters