Sensation, Perception and States of Consciousness Big TERMS

sensation

process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, Sound & Smell

Perception

The way we interpret these sensations & therefore make Sense of everything around us

Depth perception

Visual cliff experiment that demonstrates how infants perceive depth and distance.

Absolute threshold

smallest amount of energy needed to detect Stimulus 50% of time

Ex:the smallest amount to detect candle smell (50% chance)

Difference threshold

smallest amount of change in a stimuli, detect a change between 2 things

Ex: adding 5 pounds to 10 you can notice but not 10 pounds to 10000

Signal detection Theory

Detection of stimulus depends on interacted Stimuli, physical & psychological state of individual. Ability to detect

Ex: more aware when it dark out

Sensory adaptation

getting use to something (like getting use to me annoying you T_T)

Gate control theory

explains how we feel pain endorphins help with induvial pain threshold

Amplitude

Determines loudness of sound; decibels

Frequency

length of sound waves

Depth cue

How we differentiate what far and near

monocular cues

1 eye depth cue

binocular cues

2 eye depth cue

strobosopic motion

moving frames to look like moving(flipping books)

Phi phenomenon

series of light blub turning on and off at a speed that creates the illusion of one moving light

autokinetic effect

If a spot of light is projected steadily onto the place in a dark room people will report seeing it move after staring at it for awhile

Retinal dispority

Info that is processed by each eye & fused to form one image.

Convergence

Inward movement of eyes when things begin to look closer

Gestalt Law

Figure-ground- Ability to distinguish between the figure as the foreground & the ground as background.

Grouping/proximity

tendency to perceive objects that are close together

closure

Tendency to fill in the missing spaces to complete object & see

as whole.

Bottom up processing

begins with the retrieval of sensory information external environment to build perception based on the correct. input of sensory information.

Top-down processing

Interpretation of incoming information based on prior knowledge, experiences, & expectations. Processing is more prone

to errors.

consciousness

Person's awareness of everything that is going on

Beta waves

(Awake/Alter) Awake, Normal.Alert, consciousness

Alpha waves

Physically, mentally relaxed, awake but drowsy.

Delta waves

Deep sleep (dreamless) sleep

Theta waves

Reduced consciousness, light sleep

Narcolepsy

Excessive daytime sleeping

Rest less Legs syndrome(RLS)

unpleasant sensation oftening in lower legs. caches & pain

Sleep apnea

snoring shortness of breath

Sleep paralysis

loss of muscle control ,happens after falling asleep waking up

Rem sleep

when dreaming happens

Activation-Synthesis Theory-

Dreams are the brains attempt to make sense of random neutral activity.

Freud's wish-fulfillment theory

Dreamers dream of repressed desire

Manifest

Literal content/story of dream

Latent

Disguised meaning of dream.

Dissociation

spilt consciousness

Tolerance

need more of the drug to have its effects

Transduction

is the process of converting physical energy from the environment into neural code to be interpreted by the brain

Hue

refer to color which is determined by the length of a

wave.

Cornea

protects the eye and begins to bend light waves

Iris

is the colored portion of the eye that controls

the size of pupil

Pupil

is the opening in the eye that allows light to enter

Lens

is the part of an eye that focuses on an object

Accommodation

refers to the process of how the lens focuses in and out of an object

Retina

is the part of an eye where the process of transduction takes place through the use of the sensory receptors rods and cones (referred to as photoreceptors)

Rods

are receptor cells that are stimulated in dim light or dark conditions; peripheral vision