human anatomy Final

Anterior

front of the body

Superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Posterior

toward the back

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

Midsaggital

Plane that divides the body into a right and left side

parasagittal plane

Divides body into unequal right and left sides

Frontal / Cornal (body plane)

Vertical plan that separates the body into anterior and posterior sections

transverse plane

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

oblique plane

passes through the body at an angle

The hands are what to the feet?

superior

the knees are what to the waist?

inferior

the elbow is what to the wrist?

superior

The calf muscle is what to the ankle?

superior

The heel is what to the toes?

posterior

The biceps are what to the triceps?

anterior

The hamstring is what to the quadriceps?

posterior

The arms are what to the midline?

Lateral

The neck is what to the arms?

Medial

The shoulders are what to the midline?

Lateral

The big toe is on the lateral/ medial side of the foot?

medial

The scapula is on the anterior/posterior side of the body?

posterior

The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow?

Distal

The hips are superior/inferior to the spine?

inferior

The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine?

lateral

The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle?

distal

The watch is superficial/deep to the skin?

superficial

homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

negative feedback loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving

positive feedback loop

a feedback loop in which change in a system is amplified

Anatomy

The study of body structure

Phisyology

Study of function

Thermastat is an example of what? Negative or Positive feedback?

Negative feedback

Child birth

positive feedback

What is a tissue?

A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.

epithelial tissue

A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out

muscular tissue

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body.

connective tissue

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

nervous tissue

A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.

Squamous

flat cells

Cuboidal

cube shaped cells

Columnar

column shaped cells

simple

one layer

pseudostratified

This type of epithelial tissue appears to have multiple layers but all cells are in contact with the basement membrane

stratified

multiple layers

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

what cleans up tissues in the nervous system?

phagocytosis

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells

What do glands do?

secrete hormones

What do glands also do?

They cool, protect and lubericate

Where is epithelial tissue found?

body coverings, body linings, glandular tissue

adipose connective tissue

(fat tissue) large, looks like empty cells fill up with fat/ triglycerides

dense regular connective tissue

Function: attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction
Location: tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

what are the three types of specialized connective tissue?

cartilage, bone and blood

What is cartilage (connective tissue) also known as?

hyaline and elastic

hyaline cartilage( Connective tissue)

Most common type of cartilage; it is found on the ends of long bones, ribs, and nose

elastic cartilage( Connective tissue)

cartilage with abundant elastic fibers; more flexible than hyaline cartilage

fibrous joints( Connective tissue)

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

loose connective tissue

areolar, adipose, reticular

Fibroblast cells( Connective tissue)

Responsible for the formation of fibers and aid in the production of collagen and elastin

Macrophages( associated with fibroblasts)( Connective tissue)

Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream.

mast cells ( associated with fibroblast)( Connective tissue)

Cells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.

recticular layer(Fibroblasts)( Connective tissue)

deepest skin layer; contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors called Pacinian corpuscles

collagenous fibers ( Fibroblasts)( Connective tissue)

Strong and flexible connective tissue fibers that contain the protein collagen

cardiac muscle tissue

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

Smooth Muscle (Muscle Tissue)

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

skeltal muscle (Muscle Tissue)

striated, voluntary, fornd attached to bones

endocrine system ( Epithelial)

the body's "slow" chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

exocrine glands( Epithelial)

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body

glial cells( Nervous Tissue)

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

What tissue is this?

cardiac muscle

What tissue is this?

smooth muscle

What tissue is this?

striated skeletal muscle

What tissue is this?

columnar epithelial

What tissue is this?

cuboidal epithelium

What tissue is this?

squamous epithelium

What tissue is this?

connective tissue blood

What tissue is this?

bone

What tissue is this?

Cartilage tissue

What tissue is this?

adipose

What tissue is this?

nervous tissue

Skin functions

Protection, temp regulation, excretion, sensation, vit d synthesis

Epidermis

Outer layer of skin

What layers does the epidermis have?

Skin basal, stratum spinosmo, stratum lucid, Stratum granulosum and lastly the stratum corenum

What are our accessory structures

Hair and nails

Dermis

Inner layer of skin

Hypodermis

loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis

stratum basale

the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells

stratum spinosum

a layer of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin

startum lucidum

Dead cells, translucent, and packed with eleiden which makes it waterproof

stratum granulosum

a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

stratum corneum

the most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells

Melin is produced where?

Stratum basale

Carotene is needed to produce what

vision related to pigment

Where does bloods pigment come from?

hemoglobin

bilirubin Juan dice

Baby has a yellow skin tone and needs photo therapy