Japanese Grammar

だれの+noun

whose (だれの本ですか)

opposite of です

ではありません

x (noun) + Y は + じゃないです

shorter form of ではありません

よ Particle sentence + ね )

• I tell you/I’m telling you/ you know

• confident in statement, new information for the listener

ね Particle (sentence + ね )

• right?

• seeking agreement or confirmation

Polite Present Tense Godan (end in u ) used for habitual and future actions

う →い,

く →き,

す → し、

う →ち、

ぬ→に、

む →み,

む →み,

ぶ→ び,

る →り

+ます = 聞く(kiku) 聞きます

Polite Present Tense Ichidan (end in iru or eru)

→ cut る + ます

みる → 見ます

2 irregular verbs

来る (kuru) to come → 来ます (kimasu)

する to do → します

Polite Tense negative

Masu Verbstem + ません

を Particle

Marks direct Object

で Particle

marks where an activity takes place 에 (at home)

に Particle

1. the time an activity takes place (time+ に + verb) (at seven o’clock)

2. movement towards a goal (location + に+ verb) (to America)

へ (え) Particle

• marks movement towards a goal

• identical to に

referencing time in Japanese

に

• days of the week

• numerical time expressions

Polite Invitations in Japanese

masu verb stem + ません+ か

Won’t you+ verb ?

飲みませんか = Won’t you drink?