Chemistry Chapter 15: Equilibria of Other Reaction Classes

Solubility product constant K_sp

Equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a slightly soluble ionic compound

Molar solubility S

solubility of a compound expressed in units of moles/liter

Precipitation reactions

Occur upon the mixing of two solutions when one of the cross products is unsoluble

Common ion effect

The solubility of an ionic compound is lower in a solution containing a common ion than that in pure water

Common base anions and their effect

OH, S, and F; For an ionic compound with a basic anion, the lower the pH, the higher the solubility

Solubility in a basic solution

Equilibrium shifts left due to common ion effect, resulting in lower solubility

Solubility in an acidic solution

Equilibrium shifts right due to the neutralization of H₃O and OH, resulting in higher solubility

Selective precipitation

Process in which ions are separated using differences in their solubility with a given precipitating reagent. The ion that requires the smallest amount of added ion precipitates first

Types of lewis acids

Incomplete octets, molecules that contain double bonds, and small and highly charged cations

Incomplete octet lewis acids

A type of lewis acid formed by B, Be, and Al

Lewis acids that contain double bonds

A type of lewis acid that can rearrange electrons to accept a new pair of electrons as a bond

Lewis acids that are small and highly charged cations

Type of lewis acid that have empty orbitals allowing them to accept new bonds