Lecture 1 - Intraoral Radiograph Techniques

Periapical

entire crown, root, and ~2-3 mm periapical areas

Bitewing

- max and mand in one image
- detects alveolar bone loss
- evaluates inter proximal surfaces

How many PAs are in a FMX?

14-16

How many BWs are in a FMX?

4

What are the two periapical techniques?

bisecting and paralleling

Parallel

receptor is parallel to long axis
x- rays are perpendicular

Bisecting

x-rays are perpendicular to imaginary line

Why might someone use bisecting?

- Difficulty in positioning receptor parallel to teeth
- Difficult Anatomy ( pt. unable tolerate the holders)
- Shallow palate/floor of mouth , Palatal Tori or any similar anatomical variations
- Edentulous patients
- Pediatric patients
- Severe gag reflex
- No paralleling film/ PSP /sensor holder devices available

Paralleling - VA + HA

VA - ray is perpendicular to receptor + long axis
HA - ray is directed through interproximal contact areas

Maxillary Central Incisor

Both Central Incisors

Maxillary Lateral Incisor

Lateral Incisor (centered)

Maxillary Canine

Entire Canine and OPEN interproximal contacts

Maxillary Premolar View

Distal third of the canine
two premolars
first molar

Maxillary Molar View

All three molar + part of tuberosity

Mandibular Central and Lateral

Central and lateral incisor and their Periapical View

Mandibular Cuspid View

Canine (centered)
+ open interproximal contacts

Mandibular Premolar View

Distal third of Canine
Two Premolars
First molar

Mandibular Molar View

Three molar + periapical area