VET 340L Enemas, Nasogastric tube, and ocular Exam

Enemas are administered to?

encourage defecation in constipated patients

How does one prepare and administer and enema?

• Prepare solution of war mater and lube/soap

• Lube red rubber catheter and insert into anus

• Pull up solution in syringe and place on end of red rubber

• Push solution into red rubber

• Occlude catheter and slowly remove from patient

• Line cage w/ absorbent material and monitor patient

Nasogastric tubes are used for?

Short-term feeding

If patient requires nutritional support beyond 10 days what should be placed?

Esophagostomy

Placing a nasogastric tube in contradicted in patient that are?

Vomiting or do not have a gag reflex

Complications that can arise from placement of a nasogastric tube include?

Epistaxis, rhinitis, tracheal intubation, secondary pneumonia, vomiting

Procedure for placing a nasogastric tube is?

• Measure tube from 7th or 8th rib

• Hold head in natural position and place proparacaine in nostrils and eyes

• Lube tube and feed tube into nose directed ventral medially

• Patient should swallow when tube enters pharynx

• Once tube is in distal esophagus check by injecting 5-10 mL of air and listening to abdomen for gurgling sound or for coughing

• If coughing after injecting saline then in trachea

• Check placement by radiograph (gold standard)

• Suture tube to nose and place E-collar

The medical term for dry eye is?

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Schirmer tear test is used to?

Check tear production

How do you perform schirmer tear test?

• No need for ocular anesthetic

• bend notched area at 90 degrees on strip, open L and R packets while not toughing notched areas

• Pull lower eyelid down and place notched area onto lateral conjunctival surface so it touches cornea

• Both slips should stay in for 60 seconds

• Remove strip and record reading, normal is 15-20 mm/min

What is used to treat dry eye/ keratoconjunctivitis sicca?

Cyclosporine (optimmune)

The most common disease involving the lens is?

Cataracts

Common ocular diseases/problems include?

cataracts, glaucoma, corneal ulcer or scratch

Glaucoma is?

When contents in globe increase and there is an increase in intraocular pressure

normal introcular range for cats and dogs is?

15-20 mmHg

IOP range for glaucoma is?

>30 mmHg

IOP is measured with?

Tonometry pen

What is the procedure for taking IOP reading with tonometer

• 2 drops of proparacaine in each eye

• Place sterile sleeve on tonopen

• Gently tap cornea until pen indicated a reading, there should be a clicking that it is getting a reading and a beep when it has final reading

• Document number and new sleeve should be put on to measure remaining eye

Most common cause of corneal ulcer or scratch is?

Trauma

How is corneal ulcer/scratch tested for?

Fluoresceine stain

What is the procedure for a fluorescein stain?

• 2 drops of proparacaine in both eyes

• Apply drop of sterile saline to fluorescein strip

• A drop of dyed saline from strip should be dropped onto cornea

• Make room dark and use a black light to illuminate the eye

• If any place on the eye turned orange then there is scratch/ulcer