Key Treaties and Agreements in Ottoman History

This set of flashcards encompasses significant treaties and agreements in Ottoman history, highlighting their year, significance, and context.

Treaty of Karlowitz

A treaty concluded in 1699 marking a watershed moment that ended the Long War, where the Ottoman Empire ceded significant territories and became a formal equal in bilateral treaties.

Deed of Alliance (Sened-i İttifak)

An 1808 agreement between Sultan Mahmud II's government and provincial power-holders (Ayans), establishing a consultative role for the Ayans and a temporary partnership.

Ahdname

A core diplomatic instrument, often a charter given to a foreign power following a peace treaty, outlining conditions, privileges, and obligations.

Capitulations

Specific commercial treaties with foreign states that conferred privileges to foreign merchants, becoming increasingly politically important in the 19th century.

Treaty of Qasr-i Shirin

A treaty in 1639 that ended the Ottoman-Safavid War and established a stable border, further negotiated in the 1820s and 1830s.

Bilateral Treaty

A term used to describe the 1699 Treaty of Karlowitz, marking the first recognition of the Ottomans as a formal equal to European powers.