[1] Renal Blood Flow & Glomerular Filtration

High Hydrostatic Pressure

Found in glomerular capillaries

FILTRATION

Low Hydrostatic Pressure

Peritubular capillaries

REABSORPTION

Norepineprhine

Renal Vasoconstriction

» Effect on interlobular and afferent arterioles

Dopamine

• produced in kidney

• renal vasodilation and natriuresis (increased urine formation)

Angiotensin II

constricts afferent and efferent arterioles

Prostaglandins

• ++ blood flow in the renal cortex

• -- bloof flow in the renal medulla

Acetylcholine

• Renal Vasodilation

High-Protein Diet

• Increases glomerular capillary pressure

• ++ Renal blood flow

Pelvic Nerve

• Main nerve supply of the bladder

• involuntary

Pudendal Nerve

• Transmits skeletal motor fibers

• controls the voluntary skeletal muscles of the sphincter

Hypogastric nerves

• stimulates blood vessels

• receives sympathetic innervations

Motor Fibers in Pelvic Nerve

Parasympathetic nerve fibers

Sensory nerves in Pelvic Nerve

Detects stretch in the bladder which initiates micturition

Cortical Nephron

• Tubular system is surrounded by Peritubular Capillaries

• Penetrates medulla (short distance)

Juxtamedullary Nephron

• Runs deep in medulla (sometimes reaching medullary papillae)

• Associated with Vasa Recta

• Long efferent arterioles divide into peritubular capillaries

P-aminohippuric Acid (PAH)

Used to measure the RPF

Renal Plasma Filtration

measures kidney function + capacity

Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF)

Estimates RPF— kidney function + filtration capacity (ignores renal venous blood)

P-aminohippuric Acid (PAH)

FILTERED by glomerulus + SECRETED by tubules

Vasa Recta

important in urine conc

T OR F: Urine composition still changes once it flows into the renal calyces, ureters, and into the bladder

FALSE. Urine composition DOES NOT CHANGE once it flows to renal calyces and so forth.

Hydronephrosis

Ureteral Enlargement