BIOS 1140 Exam 1 Quizzes

dorsal body cavity

contains spinal column, brain spinal cord and meningeal membranes

ventral body cavity

contains thoracic, abdominopelvic cavities, and major organs

thoracic cavity’s subcavities

pleural (lungs) and pericardial (surrounding the heart)

Features of serous membranes

lines body cavities and surrounds organs; serosae have two membrane layers with serous fluid (cushion and lubricant); serosae also compartmentalize body cavities

peritoneum

membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity

plasma membrane

separates internal part of the cell from external environments

glycocalyx

“fur coat” cells wear on their surfaces; composed of protein-sugar molecules

microvilli

finger-like extensions on some cells that increase surface area to enhance absorption of materials from outside the cell

nucleus

cell organelle containing genomic DNA

four basic types of human tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve

connective tissue

type of tissue that always has a matrix

why is blood a connective tissue

extracellular matrix: plasma

Types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

skeletal muscle

voluntary, striated, multinucleated; connects two bones

cardiac muscle

involuntary, only in the heart, one nucleus per cell, intercalated discs between muscle cells

smooth muscle

involuntary, surrounds organs in sheets, no striations; basic function is contraction

Epidermis

five layers, contain melanocytes and nerves but no blood vessels

Deep dermis

made of fibrous connective tissue and is vascular

made of papillary and reticular layers

Eccrine sweat glands

located in palms, foot soles, and forehead

produce sweat for thermoregulation and ducts empty into skin pores

Apocrine sweat glands

located in axillary and anogenital areas

produce more viscous sweat, has odor

empties into hair follicles

Propionibacterium bacteria

bacteria that infects sebaceous glands which causes acne

hair shaft

made of dead keratinized cells

composed of the cuticle, cortex and medulla

arteries

blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to body tissues

veins

blood vessels that return de-oxygenated blood to the heart to then go to the lungs

tunica media

layer of smooth muscle that expands and contracts blood vessel diameter to regulated amount of blood flowing through the vessel

vasodilation

expansion

vasoconstriction

narrowing

types of capillary blood vessels

continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal

continuous capillary blood vessels

tight junctions between cells, no gaps; found in brain and muscles

fenestrated capillary blood vessels

cells have small pores allowing fluid passage; found in kidneys and intestines

sinusoidal capillary blood vessels

large gaps between cells to allow permeability; found in liver, spleen, lymph tissue

Compact bone

external layer, dense and smooth with osteons, lamella matrix and canals interiorly

osteocytes reside in lacunae

Spongy bone

large silky gaps called trabeculae with bone marrow filling gaps

does not have osteons

osteocytes are connected by canaliculi

osteon

structural basic unit of compact bone

lamellae

rings of bone matrix in osteons

lacunae

small cavities where osteocytes reside in osteons

osteogenic cells

progenitor stem cell that gives rise to osteoblasts

osteoblast

immature, undifferentiated cell that produces the bone matrix

osteocyte

mature bone cell that maintains bone tissue

osteoclast

bone cell that produces enzymes to break down and remodel bone

stroma

mesh formed by reticular connective tissue