WEEK 11 LECTURE 2

Flashcards about why children play, based on lecture notes from PSYC121.

What is a key characteristic of play related to reinforcement?

Play is distinguished and advantaged by its positive feedback reinforcement through pleasure.

What is considered a platform for human learning and teaching?

Play, especially between adults and infants.

Who can be clearly recognised in play between adults and infants?

A teacher and a learner.

What Assessment does Stagnitti (2007) suggest in clinical application?

CIPP Assessment

What is the age-range for unstructured objects in the CIPP Assessment?

4-7.11 years

What type of play session is used in CIPP Assessment?

Symbolic play session

What type of play session is used in CIPP Assessment with play materials?

Conventional-imaginative play session

According to the lecture, what happens toward the end of the second year regarding pretend play?

Infants begin to demonstrate an interest in applying their knowledge base to symbolically manipulate objects and their properties, and to allow their imagination, rather than the stimulus itself, to dominate their behavior: They begin to pretend.

What must children do in order to pretend?

Imagine something that is currently not true then behave as if it were.

What must be considered and maintained in an extended pretend play scenario?

The imagined world, along with the possible consequences of any behaviour.

What capacity do children develop by pretending, according to the lecture?

A capacity to generate and reason with novel suppositions and imaginary scenarios.

What process does pretend play allow children to practice?

The creative process that underpins innovation in adulthood.

Besides divergent thinking, what other elements link pretense with creativity?

Acting, exploring the surroundings, and adjusting oneself to other people and to the ongoing happenings.

What actions are included in both pretending and creating?

Exploration and evaluation of the outcomes.

How does the lecture define creativity?

The ability to re-imagine an observed state of affairs as something other than what it strictly is, or transfer it into another context.

Besides divergent thinking, what other type of thinking relates to creativity?

Counterfactual thinking

What is the alternative uses task designed to test?

Divergent thinking

What are the four elements of divergent thinking?

Fluency, Originality, Flexibility, and Elaboration.

What are children's imagination constraints?

The outcomes and possibilities that they imagine rarely deviate from the everyday regularities they have observed and remembered.

What is the relationship between pretend play and imagination?

Pretense often involves imagination, it need not; nor is it a kind of imagination. The core nature of pretense is closer to imitation than it is to imagination, and likely shares some of its motivation with the former.

Through which mechanism is imagination displayed in children?

Children's early capacity for make-believe is seen as a potential index of those generative abilities.

What does pretend play enable children to do?

Joint Pretending – making and remaking meaning

What must a child do, if they pretend with others?

A child have to respect the implications of your pretence stipulations as part of a joint we-intention to pretend together

What do kids commonly construct when they play together?

Rules and meanings that exist purely because the players agree they "exist."

What is early social pretence a form of?

Collective we-intentionality involving joint status assignment and thus embodying the basic structure of institutional phenomena.

What is the Zone of Proximal Development?

A cradle for the development of understanding institutional life more generally.

Playing can provide what to the children?

Building blocks with which children rehearse the kinds of institutional realities that typify cultural practices

According to Nielsen & Christie (2008), what are the different type of pretence?

Object Substitution, Imaginary Play, Attribution of Properties, Other Pretence

Name the three type of play.

Instrumental/ Functional, Social and Cultural

What's the take away from the lecture?

Enjoy and Embrace Play!