chemistry

What are hydrocarbons?

Compounds containing only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).

What are the two main types of hydrocarbons?

Saturated hydrocarbons and Unsaturated hydrocarbons.

What is the general formula for saturated hydrocarbons (Alkanes)?

CnH2n+2.

Give an example of a saturated hydrocarbon (alkane).

Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6), or Propane (C3H8).

What defines unsaturated hydrocarbons?

They contain double or triple bonds.

What are the general formulas for Alkenes and Alkynes?

Alkene: CnH2n; Alkyne: CnH2n−2.

What is the IUPAC naming rule for alkenes?

Replace '-ane' with '-ene' and number to indicate the double bond position.

How are cycloalkanes defined?

Saturated hydrocarbons with carbon atoms arranged in a ring.

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

CnH2n.

What is the IUPAC name for a three-carbon ring?

Cyclopropane.

What is the characteristic feature of alcohols?

Containing the hydroxyl group (–OH).

How do you name primary alcohols?

Replace '-e' of alkane with '-ol' and number to indicate the –OH position.

What is the general formula for aldehydes?

R–CHO.

How do you name aldehydes?

Replace '-e' of alkane with '-al' and number from the –CHO end.

What are the three classifications of alcohols based on the carbon bonded to –OH?

Primary (1°), Secondary (2°), Tertiary (3°).

What is an example of a primary alcohol?

Ethanol (CH3–CH2–OH).

What functional group characterizes aldehydes?

The –CHO group, which includes a carbonyl carbon (C=O) bonded to hydrogen.

What are some physical properties of alcohols?

Polar molecules that can form hydrogen bonds, have high boiling points, and are soluble in water.