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Clerestory

: a roof that rises above lower roofs and thus has window space beneath.

Stele

(plural: stelae): an upright stone slab used to mark a grave or a site.

Sunken relief

: a carving in which the outlines of figures are deeply carved into a surface so that the figures seem to project forward.

Archaeology

: the scientific study of ancient people and cultures principally revealed through excavation.

Anthropomorphic

: having characteristics of the human form, although the form itself is not human.

Mastaba

: Arabic for ‘ bench, a low flat- roofed Egyptian tomb with side sloping down to the ground.

Menhir

: a large uncut stone erected as a monument in the prehistoric era; a standing stone.

Peristyle

: a colonnade surrounding a building or enclosing in a courtyard.

Cella

: the main room of a temple where the god is housed.

Cong

: a tubular object with a circular hole cut into a square- like cross section.

Ka

: the soul, or spiritual essence of a human being that either ascends to heaven or can live in an Egyptian statue of itself.

Lintel

: a horizontal beam over an opening.

Bent axis

________: an architectural plan in which an approach to a building requires an angular change of direction, as opposed to a direct and straight entry.

Engaged column

: a(n) column that is not free standing but attached to a wall.

Lapis lazuli

________: a deep- blue stone prized for its color.

Hypostyle

________: a hall that has a roof supported by a dense thicket of columns.

Necropolis

________: literally,"city of the dead- "a large burial area.

Cuneiform

________: a system of writing in which the strokes are formed in a wedge or arrowhead shape.

Hieroglyphics

________: Egyptian writing using symbols or pictures as characters.

Shamanism

________: a religion in which good and evil are brought about by spirits which can be influenced by shamans, who have access to the spirits.

Pylon

________: a monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple marked by two flat, sloping walls between which is a smaller entrance.

Register

________: a horizontal band, often on top of another, that tells a narrative story.

Capital

________: the top element of a column.

Sarcophagus

________ (plural sarcophagi): a stone coffin.

Apotropaic

________: having the power to ward off evil or bad luck.

Ziggurat

________: a pyramid- like building made of several stories that indent as the building gets taller, thus ________ have terraces at each level.

Reserve column

________: a column that is cut away from rock but has no support function.

Papyrus

________: a tall aquatic plant whose fiber is used as a writing surface in ancient Egypt.

Apadama

________: an audience hall in a Persian palace.

situ

In ________: a latin expression that means something is in its original location.

Henge

________: a Neolithic monument, characterized by a circular ground plan.

Mortise

________ and tenon: a groove cut into stone or wood, called a(n) ________, that is shaped to receive a tenon, or projection, of the same dimensions.

Amarna style

________: art created during the reign of Akhenaton, which features a more relaxed figure style than in Old and Middle Kingdom art.

Negative space

________: empty space around an object or person, such as the cut- out areas between a figures legs or arms of a sculpture.

Ankh

________: an Egyptian symbol of life.

Pharoah

________: a king of ancient Egypt.

Lamassu

________: a colossal winged human- headed bull in Assyrian art.

Megalith

________: a stone of great size used in the construction of a prehistoric structure.

Ground line

________: a baseline upon which figures stand.

Ground plan

________: the map of a floor of a building.

Axial plan

________: a building with elongated ground plan.

Facade

________: the front of a building.

Stele

________ (plural stelae): a stone slab used to mark a grave or a site.

Anthropomorphic

having characteristics of the human form, although the form itself is not human

Archaeology

the scientific study of ancient people and cultures principally revealed through excavation

Cong

a tubular object with a circular hole cut into a square-like cross section

Henge

a Neolithic monument, characterized by a circular ground plan

Lintel

a horizontal beam over an opening

Megalith

a stone of great size used in the construction of a prehistoric structure

Menhir

a large uncut stone erected as a monument in the prehistoric era; a standing stone

Mortise and tenon

a groove cut into stone or wood, called a mortise, that is shaped to receive a tenon, or projection, of the same dimensions

Shamanism

a religion in which good and evil are brought about by spirits which can be influenced by shamans, who have access to the spirits

Stylized

a schematic, non realistic manner of representing the visible world and its contents, abstracted from the way that they appear in nature

Apadama

an audience hall in a Persian palace

Apotropaic

having the power to ward off evil or bad luck

Bent-axis

an architectural plan in which an approach to a building requires an angular change of direction, as opposed to a direct and straight entry

Capital

the top element of a column

Cella

the main room of a temple where the god is housed

Cuneiform

a system of writing in which the strokes are formed in a wedge or arrowhead shape

Facade

the front of a building

Ground line

a baseline upon which figures stand

Ground plan

the map of a floor of a building

Hierarchy of scale

a system of representation that expresses a persons iomportance by the size of his or her representation in a work of art

Lamassu

a colossal winged human-headed bull in Assyrian art

Lapis lazuli

a deep-blue stone prized for its color

Negative space

empty space around an object or person, such as the cut-out areas between a figures legs or arms of a sculpture

Register

a horizontal band, often on top of another, that tells a narrative story

Relief sculpture

a sculpture that projects from a flat background

Stele (plural stelae)

a stone slab used to mark a grave or a site

Votive

offered in fulfillment of a vow or pledge

Ziggurat

a pyramid-like building made of several stories that indent as the building gets taller, thus ziggurats have terraces at each level

Amarna style

art created during the reign of Akhenaton, which features a more relaxed figure style than in Old and Middle Kingdom art

Ankh

an Egyptian symbol of life

Axial plan

a building with elongated ground plan

Clerestory

a roof that rises above lower roofs and thus has window space beneath

Engaged column

a column that is not free standing but attached to a wall

Hierarchy of scale

a system of representation that expresses a persons importance byu the size of his or her representation in a work of art

Hieroglyphics

Egyptian writing using symbols or pictures as characters

Hypostyle

a hall that has a roof supported by a dense thicket of columns

In situ

a latin expression that means something is in its original location

Ka

the soul, or spiritual essence of a human being that either ascends to heaven or can live in an Egyptian statue of itself

Mastaba

Arabic for ‘bench, a low flat-roofed Egyptian tomb with side sloping down to the ground

Papyrus

a tall aquatic plant whose fiber is used as a writing surface in ancient Egypt

Peristyle

a colonnade surrounding a building or enclosing in a courtyard

Pharoah

a king of ancient Egypt

Pylon

a monumental gateway to an Egyptian temple marked by two flat, sloping walls between which is a smaller entrance

Reserve column

a column that is cut away from rock but has no support function

Sarcophagus (plural sarcophagi)

a stone coffin

Sunken relief

a carving in which the outlines of figures are deeply carved into a surface so that the figures seem to project forward