Hair and Scalp Properties, Diseases, and Disorders Study Guide

These flashcards encompass crucial concepts related to hair and scalp properties, diseases, and disorders, aiding in exam preparation.

What are three benefits of studying the properties of hair and scalp as a cosmetologist?

1. Knowing when to perform or not perform services 2. Understanding how hair structure is formed 3. Analyzing hair and scalp is key to providing services.

Which parts of the hair are living?

Hair bulb, hair follicle, dermal papilla.

What are the three layers of the hair shaft and their functions?

1. Cuticle - Protects the cortex 2. Cortex - Gives color, elasticity, and strength to the hair 3. Medulla - Center core (not present in all hair types).

What five elements make up human hair?

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur.

What is keratinization?

The process where protein cells move upward and die, forming the hair structure.

What percentage of hair is made of protein?

90%.

What are polypeptide chains?

Amino acids lined together to form proteins.

What are the three types of side bonds in hair?

1. Hydrogen 2. Salt 3. Disulfide.

What is a disulfide bond?

A strong chemical bond formed between sulfur atoms in cysteine amino acids.

What is melanin?

Natural hair color that forms from cells called melanocytes.

What are the four types of wave patterns in hair?

Straight, wavy, curly, and coil.

What are the five components of hair analysis?

Texture, density, porosity, elasticity, and growth pattern.

What are the characteristics of fine hair texture?

Sensitive and less visible.

What are the characteristics of medium hair texture?

Medium strength and moderate visibility.

What are the characteristics of coarse hair texture?

Tough and strong.

What defines low density in hair analysis?

Scalp is easily visible.

What defines medium density in hair analysis?

Some visibility of the scalp.

What defines high density in hair analysis?

No visibility of the scalp.

What defines low porosity in hair?

Hair lays flat and is resistant to moisture.

What defines average elasticity in hair?

Hair stretches and returns to its normal state.

What defines high elasticity in hair?

Hair is damaged, fragile, and brittle.

What are the three types of hair?

1. Lanugo - short fine hair, not noticeable 2. Vellus - peach fuzz 3. Terminal - long pigmented hair.

What are the three phases of the hair growth cycle?

1. Anagen - growth phase 2. Catagen - growth resting phase 3. Telogen - resting phase.

How does studying diseases and disorders of hair benefit a cosmetologist?

1. Refers clients for treatment 2. Prevents spreading of diseases 3. Identifies diseases and disorders.

What is the typical amount of hair lost per day?

50-100 hairs.

What are the three most common types of hair loss?

1. Androgenetic alopecia 2. Alopecia areata 3. Postpartum alopecia.

What are the two FDA-approved hair loss treatments?

1. Minoxidil 2. Finasteride.

What is canities?

Gray hair that can be congenital or acquired.

What is hirsuties?

Terminal hair on a woman's body in areas where it is normally not present.

What is hypertrichosis?

Abnormal hair growth that is longer and thicker.

What is trichoptilosis?

Split ends.

What is trichorrhexis nodosa?

Knotted hair.

What is monilethrix?

Beaded hair.

What is fragilitas crinium?

Brittle hair.

What is Pityriasis?

Technical term for dandruff.

What causes dandruff?

Malassezia, a fungus.

What is tinea?

Ringworm infection.

What is tinea capitis?

Ringworm on the scalp.

What is tinea barbae?

Dermatophyte fungus in beard or mustache.

What is tinea favosa?

Honeycomb ringworm or yellow dandruff.

What is scabies?

Mites that lay eggs inside the skin.

What is pediculosis capitis?

Head lice infestation.

What is a furuncle?

Technical term for boils.

What is a carbuncle?

Cluster of boils.

What is folliculitis?

Inflammation or infection of the hair follicle.

What is folliculitis barbae?

Inflammation or infection of the beard area.

What is the structure of the hair shaft?

Keratin protein, including the medulla, cortex, and cuticle.

What are hydrogen bonds in hair?

Weak physical bonds broken by water or heat.

What are salt bonds in hair?

Weak physical bonds broken by changes in pH.

What are disulfide bonds in hair?

Strong chemical bonds formed by oxidation and not easily reformed.

What are peptide bonds?

Strong chemical bonds in proteins that cannot be reformed.