Period 1-7 APUSH anchor lost

FDR

Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd President of the United States, who served from 1933 to 1945 and led the country during the Great Depression and World War II.

Huey Long

A prominent American politician and governor of Louisiana known for his populist policies and as a critic of the New Deal.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

The 34th President of the United States (1953-1961) and a five-star general in the U.S. Army during World War II, known for his leadership in the D-Day invasion.

Harry Truman

The 33rd President of the United States (1945-1953) who succeeded FDR and is known for making the decision to use atomic bombs on Japan.

FDR elected: 1932

The year Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as President of the United States, marking the beginning of the New Deal era.

Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941

The date of the surprise military attack by the Japanese on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, which led to the United States' entry into World War II.

WWII: 1939-1945

The global conflict known as World War II, involving most of the world's nations, which lasted from 1939 to 1945.

The Dust Bowl

A severe drought in the 1930s that affected the Great Plains of the United States, leading to agricultural devastation and mass migration.

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that lasted from 1929 to the late 1930s, characterized by high unemployment and widespread poverty.

The New Deal

A series of programs and policies implemented by FDR in response to the Great Depression aimed at economic recovery and social reform.

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, a U.S. government agency that provides deposit insurance to depositors in American commercial banks.

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corps, a New Deal program that employed young men in environmental conservation projects during the Great Depression.

AAA

Agricultural Adjustment Act, a New Deal legislation aimed at boosting agricultural prices by reducing surpluses.

WPA

Works Progress Administration, a New Deal agency that provided jobs for millions of unemployed Americans through public works projects.

TVA

Tennessee Valley Authority, a New Deal agency created to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.

SEC

Securities and Exchange Commission, a U.S. government agency responsible for regulating the securities industry and protecting investors.

Social Security

A federal program that provides retirement, disability, and survivor benefits to eligible Americans.

Isolationism

A foreign policy approach that emphasizes avoiding involvement in international conflicts and alliances.

Fascism

A far-right authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology characterized by dictatorial power and strong centralized control.

Communism

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

Totalitarianism

A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life.

Pearl Harbor

The U.S. naval base in Hawaii that was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, leading to the U.S. entering World War II.

Japanese internment

The forced relocation and incarceration of Japanese Americans in camps during World War II, justified by wartime fears.

Korematsu vs. US

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1944 that upheld the government's decision to intern Japanese Americans during World War II.

Holocaust

The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime during World War II.

Atlantic Charter

A joint declaration by FDR and Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the goals for the post-war world, including self-determination and economic cooperation.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, which marked a significant turning point in World War II.

Midway

A crucial naval battle in June 1942 that resulted in a decisive victory for the United States against Japan.

Island Hopping

A military strategy used by the Allies in the Pacific Theater during World War II to capture strategic islands and bypass others.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. government research project during World War II that developed the atomic bomb.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese cities where the United States dropped atomic bombs in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender and the end of World War II.

Tuskegee Airmen

A group of African American military pilots who fought in World War II, known for their exemplary service and contributions to the war effort.

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A United States naval officer and historian, known for his influential book 'The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783', which argued for a strong navy as essential for national greatness.

Emilio Aguinaldo

A Filipino revolutionary leader who played a crucial role in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule and later against American occupation.

Teddy Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States (1901-1909), known for his progressive policies, the construction of the Panama Canal, and his role in the conservation movement.

Woodrow Wilson

The 28th President of the United States (1913-1921), known for leading the country during World War I and advocating for the League of Nations.

Henry Cabot Lodge

A prominent American Republican senator and historian who opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.

Louis Armstrong

An influential American jazz trumpeter, composer, and vocalist, known for his charismatic stage presence and innovative approach to music.

Langston Hughes

An American poet, social activist, novelist, and playwright, known for his contributions to the Harlem Renaissance and his exploration of African American culture.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Two Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murder in the 1920s, symbolizing the era's anti-immigrant sentiment.

Spanish American War

A conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, resulting in the U.S. acquiring territories such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

WWI

World War I, a global conflict from 1914 to 1918, primarily involving the Allies and Central Powers, marked by trench warfare and significant loss of life.

Great Stock Market Crash

The stock market crash on October 29, 1929, which marked the beginning of the Great Depression, leading to widespread economic hardship.

Imperialism

A policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Jingoism

An extreme form of nationalism characterized by aggressive foreign policy and the belief that one's country is superior to others.

Social Darwinism

A belief that applies the concept of 'survival of the fittest' to human societies, often used to justify imperialism and social inequality.

White Man's Burden

A phrase used to justify imperialism, suggesting that it was the duty of Western nations to civilize and uplift non-Western peoples.

Seward's Folly

A term used to describe the purchase of Alaska from Russia in 1867, initially criticized but later recognized for its value.

Hawaiian Acquisition

The annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898, which was driven by economic interests and strategic military considerations.

Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry regiment led by Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War, known for their charge up San Juan Hill.

Open Door Policy

A U.S. policy established in 1899 that aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all nations in China.

Great Migration

The movement of over six million African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North and West from 1916 to 1970.

Selective Service Act

A law passed in 1917 that authorized the U.S. federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription.

Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism and radical leftism in the United States, particularly after World War I.

Tulsa Race Massacre

A violent racial conflict in 1921 in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where a white mob attacked the prosperous Black community of Greenwood.

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

The trial of two Italian immigrants accused of robbery and murder, which became a symbol of the anti-immigrant sentiment and injustice in the 1920s.

Versailles Treaty

The peace treaty that ended World War I, imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.

League of Nations

An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries, ultimately failing to prevent World War II.

Self Determination

The principle that nations have the right to determine their own political status and pursue their own economic, social, and cultural development.

Palmer Raids

A series of raids conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice in 1919 and 1920 to capture and deport radical leftists, particularly anarchists and communists.

Prohibition/18th amendment/21st amendment

Prohibition was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933, established by the 18th Amendment and later repealed by the 21st Amendment.

Scopes Monkey Trial

A 1925 legal case in Tennessee that tested the Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in schools.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s, celebrating African American culture and creativity.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

Two laws passed in 1917 and 1918 imposed harsh penalties for anti-war activities and for criticizing the U.S. government during World War I, limiting freedom of speech.

National Origins Act (1924)

A 1924 law that limited immigration to 2\% of each nationality's population in the U.S. based on the 1890 census, designed to favor Northern and Western Europeans

Platt Amendment

A 1901 amendment to the Cuban Constitution that allowed U.S. intervention in Cuba and established conditions for U.S. presence and control over Cuban affairs.

Committee of Public Information (CPI)

An agency created in 1917 to influence public opinion and promote support for World War I through propaganda and information spreading.

War Industries Board (WIB)

A U.S. government agency established in 1917 to coordinate the production and allocation of war materials and supplies during World War I, ensuring military needs were met efficiently.

National War Labor Board

A U.S. government agency established in 1918 to mediate labor disputes and ensure labor stability during World War I, promoting fair labor practices and preventing strikes.

Dollar Diplomacy

A U.S. foreign policy approach under President Taft that aimed to use economic power to influence and control Latin American and East Asian countries.

Big Stick Diplomacy

A foreign policy strategy used by President Theodore Roosevelt that emphasized using military power as a means of negotiating and asserting U.S. interests, particularly in Latin America.

Moral Diplomacy

A foreign policy approach articulated by President Woodrow Wilson that sought to promote democratic ideals and moral governance in other nations, particularly in Latin America, while avoiding military intervention.

J. P. Morgan

An influential banker and financier who played a key role in the reorganization of several major industries and the creation of General Electric and U.S. Steel.

Andrew Carnegie

A steel magnate who led the expansion of the American steel industry and is known for his philanthropy, particularly in libraries and education.

John D. Rockefeller

Founder of the Standard Oil Company, he became one of the richest individuals in history and is known for his role in the development of the petroleum industry.

Eugene V. Debs

A labor leader and socialist who co-founded the Industrial Workers of the World and ran for President of the United States five times.

Jane Addams

A social reformer and activist who co-founded Hull House in Chicago, which provided social services to immigrants and the poor.

Jacob Riis

A journalist and social reformer known for his work in exposing the living conditions of the urban poor in New York City through photography and writing.

Upton Sinclair

An author and social activist best known for his novel 'The Jungle,' which exposed the harsh conditions and exploitation in the meatpacking industry.

W.E.B. DuBois

An African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP and advocated for the rights of African Americans.

Teddy Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States, known for his progressive policies, trust-busting efforts, and conservation of natural resources.

Susan B. Anthony

A prominent women's rights activist who played a crucial role in the women's suffrage movement in the United States.

Gilded Age

A period in U.S. history from the 1870s to about 1900 characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and social issues, including inequality and corruption.

Horizontal Integration

A business strategy where a company acquires or merges with its competitors to increase market share and reduce competition.

Vertical Integration

A business strategy where a company controls multiple stages of production, from raw materials to final product distribution.

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

An economic system where the government minimizes its involvement in the economy, allowing businesses to operate freely.

Captains of Industry/Robber Barons

Terms used to describe powerful business leaders of the Gilded Age, with 'Captains of Industry' suggesting positive contributions and 'Robber Barons' implying exploitation.

Bread and Butter Issues

Basic economic concerns of workers, such as wages, working conditions, and job security.

Haymarket Square Riot

A violent confrontation in 1886 in Chicago that began as a peaceful labor rally advocating for an eight-hour workday but escalated into a riot.

Homestead Strike

A 1892 labor strike at the Homestead Steel Works in Pennsylvania that turned violent when workers protested wage cuts.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 that began at the Pullman Company and escalated into a major confrontation between labor and the federal government.

Knights of Labor

An early labor organization that sought to unite all workers and advocated for social reforms, including the eight-hour workday.

American Federation of Labor

A national federation of labor unions in the United States that focused on skilled workers and aimed to improve wages and working conditions.

Ellis Island

An immigration station in New York Harbor where millions of immigrants were processed from 1892 to 1954.

Nativism

A political policy favoring the interests of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants.

Social Darwinism

A belief that the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest apply to human societies, often used to justify social inequality.

Chinese Exclusion Act

A federal law enacted in 1882 that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States.

Gospel of Wealth

An essay by Andrew Carnegie that argued wealthy individuals have a moral obligation to distribute their wealth for the greater good of society.

Social Gospel Movement

A religious movement that emerged in the late 19th century advocating for social justice and reform based on Christian ethics.

Populist Party

A political party formed in the 1890s that represented the interests of farmers and laborers, advocating for economic reforms.