Legendary Rome Quiz 4

What started after Augustus’ death

Julio-Claudian dynasty

Tiberious

step son of Augustus, son of Livia, retreats to island of Capri

Caligula

favorite of the soldiers, insane, nicknamed “little boots”

Claudius

Uncle of Caligula, scholar of Etruscan, invaded Britain

Nero

thought he was a poet and musician, burned Rome and blamed it on Christians, killed his own mother, made the golden horse statue

What was significant about 69AD?

-year of 4 emperors

-power of the Praetorian Guard

-transition to Flavians

What was the Praetorian Guard?

Elite troops that surrounded the empire

Who was Vespasian and the Flavians? (what were they known for, what’d they do)

-Restoring order in Rome with his sons

-Tore down Nero’s house

-built colosseum

What did Titus do?

Took Jerusalem and sacked it

What was Jerusalem renamed to?

Aelia Capitolina

Who came after the Flavians?

The 5 good emperors

What did the 5 good emperors do?

-Brought peace for 80-90 years

-Expanded Rome to its largest extent

-Didn’t hand power down to their kids

Who was the Roman empire largest under and when?

Trajan, 117AD

Marcus Aurelius (2 things)

-wrote influence of Greek philosophy called The Meditations

-decides to ruling over to his son

Hadrian

-Built the Pantheon and wall in Northern Englan

Commodus (2)

-liked to pretend he was Hercules

-kills his father so he can be emperor instead of his brother Maximus

Caracalla (2)

-Son of Septimus Severus

-Extended citizenship to the entire emperor

Diocletian (3)

-puts the empire back on track after 30 emperors in 50 years

-helps put 4 people in charge

-retires to Croatia

What was Parentalia?

a celebration for the “good” dead

What did people do for Parentalia? (3)

-suspended businesses, didn’t get married, closed temples

-offerings placed at graves

-graves even had tubes to feed the dead

What was Lemuria?

it was a festival held to appease the restless spirits of the dead (people who died violent deaths and weren’t properly buried)

What 2 festivals merged to make Feralia?

Celtic Samhaim and Pomona goddess’ day

When is All Saints Day

Nov 1

Who made All Saints Day on Nov 1 and when did he/she do that?

Pope Gregory III in the 8th century

What is the night before All Saints Day called?

All Hallows Eve

When is All Souls Day?

Nov 2

What is an empire? (3)

-centralized

-not necessarily evil

-dependent upon military

What do empires need to have control of?

-distribution of surplus

-control of elites

-control of provinces

-control of ideology (religion)

What were Roman senators appointed as?

provincial governors

What types infrastructure did Rome have? (5)

-grid plan cities

-roads

-aquadicts

-bridges

-temples

Where did Rome have their army at all times?

The periphery (borders)

How could you easily obtain citizenship?

Army service

How many people were in the Roman empire?

50-70 million

Pax Romana

A time period in Rome with complete peace

What was the Roman religion originally based around? (Who did they worship?)

polytheism, ancestor worship

syncretism

the blending of different practices or philosophies in religion

mithraism

Worshiped the god Mithras

Who was Jesus crucified under?

Pontius Pilate

Who was the apostle Paul a missionary for?

The gentiles

monotheism

worshipping one god

What was the Great Persecution and when did it occur?

A major persecution of Christians under Diocletian in 303 AD.

Who eliminated his Tetrarchal rivals to take control of the empire?

Constantine

What happened at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312?

Constantine won after having a vision saying “In this sign you will conquer.”

What did the Edict of Milan (313) do?

Granted toleration for Christianity.

When did Constantine actually convert to Christianity?

He was baptized on his deathbed.

What was the significance of the Council of Nicaea in 325?

It defined Christian doctrine and set the biblical canon.

What major administrative move did Constantine make regarding the empire’s capital?

He established an eastern capital at Byzantium/Constantinople.

Who was Julian the Apostate (361–363)?

A later emperor who rejected Christianity.

By the 380s, what was the only legal religion of the Roman Empire?

Christianity.

!!!Vespasian

Roman emperor who restored stability after Nero, started the Flavian dynasty, rebuilt Rome financially, and began construction of the Colosseum.

!!!Basilica

Large Roman public building later used as a model for early Christian churches.

!!!Prudentius

Early Christian poet known for works like Psychomachia.

!!!Monica

Mother of St. Augustine; a devout Christian who prayed for his conversion. Possibly a Berber

!!!Constantinople

Eastern capital founded by Constantine; later center of the Byzantine Empire

!!!Nero

Roman emperor known for tyranny; blamed Christians for the Great Fire of Rome.

!!!Caligula

Roman emperor infamous for cruelty, extravagance, and instability. Assassinated by his own guards.

!!!Colosseum

Large amphitheater in Rome used for gladiatorial games and public spectacles.

!!!Martyrdom

Dying for one’s faith; early Christians saw it as a witness to belief.

!!!Lemuria

Roman festival honoring restless or malevolent dead spirits.

Pantheon

An ancient Roman temple, now a Catholic church

catacombs

hundreds of miles of burials outside city walls

Christian hierarchy

deacons, priests, bbishops, archbishops

Saturnalia

A time where the Romans had festivals, men would strip naked

Christian values included…

poverty, chastity

what does martyr mean?

witness

“citius, altius, fortius”

faster, higher, stronger

Campus Martius

Big field near the Tiber where people would get on horses and spar

Why did the Romans casually slaughter North African Lions and what was the result?

For entertainment which resulted in North African Lions going extinct

Venations

when animals would face off against other animals or humans

Naumachia

a staged sea battle

St. Lawrence

-deacon from Rome

-distributed church wealth to poor

-martyred during Valerian

What did St. Lawrence famously say while being martyred?

“Turn me over, I’m done on this side,” because he was on a grill

Where was Augustine born?

North Africa

Who was Augustine’s mother?

Monica

What was Augustine’s job and where’d he move to become it?

Professor of Rhetoric, Milan

What religion did Augustine follow before his conversion and what is it?

Manichaeism-A religious movement teaching a strict dualism between good (light) and evil (darkness)

Where did Augustine return to after Monica dies and what did he become?

Africa, bishop of Hippo

Is Augustine martyred?

No

What was Augustine’s reaction when he read the Aenied?

He cried for Dido

When did Rome fall?

476AD