Immunology Labs

What is the CH50 assay

Test the amount of antibody dilution needed to reach 50% lysis of blood

What is carrier particle agglutination test use

Use latex or carbon coated with antibody to induce agglutination

What is immunoprecipitation

Binding to antigen to antibody can create visible precipitate

What is the zone of equivalence

The visible precipitation (antigen = antibody)

What causes precipitation arcs in immunoelectrophoresis

Meeting of antigen and antibody on gel

What direction does protein (antigen) run

To positive end

What direction does antibody run

To negativeside

What is counter current electrophoresis

Antigen is negative and antibody is positive, will run in opposite directions and eventually meet

What is rocket electrophoresis used for

The arc can help find the amount of antigen in the sample

What area of serum protein electrophoresis can antibody be found

Gamma globulin arc

What does thick gamma globulin band indicate

Gammopathy

What disorder makes too much light chains

Bence jones

What are the indications of Bence Jones on lab tests

IgA, IgM and IgG found on gamma globulin

What indicates polyclonal gammopathy

Thick band

What indicates monoclonal gammopathy

Thin and sharp band

What is the meaning of a thin/slight band

Defect in antibody production

Several light band on immunofixation indicate what

Hypogamma globulin

Several thick band on immunofixation indicate what

Polyclonal gammopathy

Two bands of kappa, one at the same size of gamma and another free indicate what

IgG kappa nd free kappa monoclonal gammopathy

What is paraproteinemia associated with

Multiple myeloma

What is monoclonal gammopathy

Presence of excessive amount of monoclonal gamma globulin in blood/urine

What is the ESR

Degree of sedimentation of RBC

What is the normal ESR value

M = 0-15 mm/hr, F = 0-20 mm/hr

What is immunohistochem used for

Detection of abnormal cell

What indicates abnormality in immunohistochem

Brown color

What is immunofluorescence used for

Detect antigen in cellular context with antibody

What is neutralization assay

Measure antibody neutralization

What is immunoblotting

Using antibody to find target protein

What is ELISA used for

Quantification of substances

What is lateral flow used for

Find presence of antigen