Sociolinguistics

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29 Terms

1

mutual intelligibility

the ability of speakers from different language varieties to understand each others

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2

dialect

the language variety characteristic of. particular social group

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3

speech community

a group of people who speak the same dialect

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4

language variation

phonetic, morphological, syntactic, semantic, lexical

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5

phonetic variation

differences in pronounciation

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6

morphological variation

difference in morphological structures

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7

syntactic variation

variation in how phrases and sentences are structured

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8

semantic variation

the same word means different things in different language varieties

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9

lexical variation

different words for the same thing

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10

isogloss

the geographical boundary marking the limit of

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11

difference between dialect and language

dialect is the variations in a language

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12

isogloss bundle

when many different isoglosses fall in approximately the same location

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13

social dialects

variety of speech associated with a particular social class or occupational group within a society; ethnicity, class, gender

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14

class

socioeconomic status affects language

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15

gender

masculinity vs femininity

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16

age

younger speakers often speak differently than older speakers; part of natural language change

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17

overt prestige

people model their speech after the dialect that is prestigious to them; dialect with most prestige usually the standard

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18

covert prestige

speaker chooses to differ from the standard and assimilate to different non-standard language variety

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19

speech style

systematic variations in speech based on factors such as topic, setting, addressee

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20

register

different levels of formality, and are characterized by an entire set of linguistic features

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21

slang

words or expressions used in informal settings often to indicate membership in a particular social group

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22

jargon

technical language, typically association with a particular specialized domain

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23

privilege

a group of unlearned cultural, legal, social, and institutional benefits extended to a group based on their social group membership

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24

linguistic discrimination

discrimination against an individual on the basis of the way they speak

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25

standard varieties privilege

speakers of standard varieties often perceived to be more credible

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26

language and power

official language, disability, foreign accent, asl, notion of prestige

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27

official language

status as an official language means government business must be conducted in that language; people who do not speak the language may have limited access to voting, court, education, etc.

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28

disability

assumptions about speech and intellect, generation of pejorative terms

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29

communication access

the various tools ad methods through which people receive and exchange information

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