CGS2060 Exam 3

Know how hard disks store and organize files .

Hard disks store & organize files using tracks ( rings of concentric circles on the platter ) , sectors invisible wedge shaped sections ) , & cycling ears ( runs through each track of a stack of platters )

What does the internal hard disk normally store ?

Programs & data files

Programs On a hard disk each track is divided into invisible wedge - shaped sections called _____.

Sectors

are a popular solution for individuals and businesses where access speed is not essential , but capacity and durability are crucial .

Network drives

Know examples of secondary storage .

Solid state , hard disk , optical disk , cloud

How does an external hard drive connect to a computer ?

Plug it in

Storage that retains its data after the power is turned off is referred to as _____

Secondary storage

The process of accessing information from secondary storage devices is referred to as _____

Reading

The of a secondary storage device indicates how much data the storage medium can hold

Capacity

measures the amount of time required by the storage device to retrieve data and programs ?

Access speed

What is file compression and what is it used for ? What is file decompression ?

Scan files for ways to reduce amount of required storage ; increase storage capacity by reducing amount of space required to store data & programs

This process improves system performance by acting as a temporary high - speed holding area between a secondary storage device and the CPU .

Disk caching

Know the characteristics of RAID storage .

Improves performance by expanding external storage , improving access speed , & providing reliable storage

What are 4 ways to improve the performance of a Hard Disk ?

Disk caching , hybrid drives , RAID , file compression / decompression

What are examples of solid state storage ?

SSD , flash memory cards , usb drives

What type of storage technology does a cell phone use ?

SSD

Optical disks use to represent data .

Pits and lands

Know about CD, DVD, blue ray, HD blue ray, and R.

CD - 1st widely available optical format for PC users

DVD - standard optical discs in PCs, more storage than CD

Blue ray - designed to store high definition videos

HD blue ray - able to playback 4k video content & store high definition videos

R- recordable

How are solid state storage devices and hard disks different ?

SSD has no moving parts while hard disks have moving parts

What is it called when servers on the Internet supply applications as a service , rather than a product ?

Cloud computing

What is cloud storage ?

Stores data on the internet

_____ speed is the measure of the amount of time required by a storage device to retrieve data and programs .

access

What is disc caching ?

Improves hard disk performance by anticipating data needs & reducing time to access data from secondary storage

What are hybrid drives ?

Storage drivers that contain both solid state storage & hard disks in attempt to fain speed & power benefits of SSD while still having low cost & large capacity of hard drives

USB drives are also known as _____ drives ?

Flash

Three common storage options discussed in your text are hard disk , and solid - state storage .

Optical disk

What is cloud storage ?

Upload & store documents on the internet

Most large organizations store data through a strategy called a ( n ) _____ to promote efficient and safe use of data across the networks within their organizations .

Enterprise storage system

One of the most dramatic changes in connectivity and communications in the past few years has been ______

Widespread use of mobile devices w / wireless internet connectivity .

Which devices originate and accept messages in the form of data , information , and / or instructions ?

Sending & receiving devices

In a communication system , which devices convert messages into packets that can travel across the communication channel ?

Connection devices

Know the wireless connections and physical connections .

...

Which of the physical connections is the fastest ?

Fiber optic

Which of the wireless connections is considered a line - of - sight medium ?

Microwave

What does WiMax stand for ?

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access Microwave

Microwave communication uses high - frequency _____

Radio waves

is a term relating to sending data to a satellite .

Upload

The GPS device in an automobile uses which communication channel ?

Satellite

A service that uses existing phone lines to provide high - speed connections is called _____

DSL

Cellular services use _____ to provide wireless connectivity to the Internet for smartphones .

3G & 4G

The capacity of a communication channel is measured in _____

Bandwidth

Know the types of bandwidth .

...

Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called a ( n ) _____

IP address

is the process of breaking down information sent or transmitted across the Internet into small parts .

Pocketization

What is TCP / IP ?

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

The _____ is the central node that coordinates the flow of data by sending messages directly between the sender and receiver nodes .

Switch

In a computer network , this node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes

Client

This device enables connectivity between two LANS or a LAN and a larger network .

Network gateway

A wireless access point that provides Internet access in a public place such as a coffee shop , library , bookstore , or university .

Hotspot

______ A network topology in which the central node is connected to two or more subordinate nodes that , in turn , are connected to other subordinate nodes .

Tree

This type of network strategy uses central servers to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network .

Client server

Organizations use the _____ to allow suppliers and others limited access to their networks

Extranets

All communications between a company's internal networks and the outside world pass through this server .

Proxy

What is a VPN ?

Remote users can connect to an organizations network through this type of secure private connection

What is a Mesh network ?

This type of network topology doesn't use a specific physical layout

The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message in a communication system is called the _____

Communication channel

is a high - frequency transmission medium that has a single solid - copper core .

Coaxial cables

is the name of the process of converting from analog to digital .

Digitization

uses standard telephone lines to provide high - speed connections .

ASDL ( asymmetric digital subscriber line ) - DSL

transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass .

Fiber - optic cable

What is a local area network ?

Networks w / nodes that are in close proximity

What is a gateway network ?

Device allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or larger networks

A LAN set up for a household's personal use is called a ( n ) ______ network .

Home area

are countrywide and worldwide networks .

Wide area networks

A ( n ) _______ area network is a type of wireless network that works within your immediate surroundings to connect cell phones to headsets , controllers to game systems , and so on .

Personal

What is a client / server network ?

Use central servers to coordinate & supply services to other nodes on the network

What is an intranet ?

Private network w / in an organization that resembles the internet

What is an extranet ?

Private network w / in an organization that connects more than one organization

What is a server ?

...

In a wireless LAN , all communications pass through the network's centrally located wireless access point or _____ station .

Base

describes how a network is arranged and how resources are coordinated and shared

Networ architecture

Most firewalls include a special computer called a ( n ) ________ server to manage communications between the internal networks and the outside world .

Proxy

People that collect , analyze , and sell personal data are called ______

Information resellers

These programs record virtually everything you do on your computer and are used by employers to search employee email and computer files .

Employee monitoring software what

What are cookies and what are they used for ?

small data files that are deposited on your hard disk from websites you have visited

What types of cookies are there and what are they used for ?

First - party = one generated & then read only by the website you are currently visiting

Third - party = usually generated by an advertising company that is affiliated w / the website you are currently visiting

Programs used to secretly record an individual's activities on the Internet are called ______

Spyware

Which type of program would likely be used by investigators to record a potential suspects ' Internet activities ?

Keystroke logger

A " cracker " is what type of computer criminal ?

Malicious software

Most browsers offer this , which ensures that your browsing activity is not recorded on your hard disk .

Privacy mode

What is malware and what types of malware are there ?

designed to damage or disrupt a computer system

1 ) Viruses

2 ) Worms

3 ) Trojan horse

What type of program replicates itself and clogs computers and networks .

Viruses

Free computer games and free screen saver programs are typical carriers of _____

Trojan horses

What is a denial of service attack ?

...

What is an internet scam ?

...

What is cyberbullying ?

...

The most significant concerns for implementation of computer technology involve _______, security, & ethics.

Privacy

According to which law is it illegal for an owner of a commercial program to make backup copies for their personal use and resell or give them away ?

copies for Digital Millennium Copyright Act

Corporations often use this to prevent copyright violations .

DRM

This uses software to try thousands of common words sequentially in an attempt to gain unauthorized access to a user's account .

Dictionary attack

This type of Wi - Fi hotspot operates close to a legitimate Wi - Fi hotspot and steals information such as usernames and passwords .

Rogue Wi - Fi hotspots

The process of coding information to make it unreadable except to those who have a special piece of information known as a key .

Encryption