Final Exam Review: Endocrine System

What do glands in the endocrine system release?

Hormones

What is the study of the science of the structure and function of the endocrine glands and the diagnosis and treatment of the disorders of the endocrine system?

Endocrinology

What do exocrine secrete their products into?

Ducts that carry the secretions into body cavities, lumen of an organ or to the outer surface of the body

Hormones influence their target cells by binding to what?

Receptors

What controls the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

What is the "master" endocrine gland (because it secretes several hormones that control other glands)?

Pituitary

The pituitary gland is divided into how many parts?

Two sections, an anterior and a posterior

If too much growth hormone is secreted, what condition can result?

Gigantism

What hormone do the testes secrete?

Testosterone

What hormone is released during pregnancy to increase the flexibility of the pubic symphysis?

Relaxin

Where do endocrine glands secrete their products?

Into the interstitial fluid surrounding the secretory cells

What are the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Human growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and adrenocortictropic hormone

What is the purpose of antidiuretic hormone?

Conserves body water by decreasing urine volume

What is the purpose of the thyroid hormones?

Increase metabolism, stimulate synthesis of proteins, and accelerate body growth

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Superior to the kidneys

Where is the pituitary gland located?

In the sella tursica

What does cortisol do?

Provides resistance to stress; it is an anti-inflammatory, it forms glucose and it breaks down proteins

What is the pineal gland?

A small endocrine gland attached to the roof of the third ventricle of the brain at the midline

What is stress?

It prepares us to meet certain challenges and thus is productive

What is distress?

It is harmful and may lower resistance to infection by temporarily inhibiting certain components of the immune system

What is diabetes mellitus?

It is the inability to produce or use insulin

What is the purpose of a target cell?

It acts as a hormone receptor

Where is TSH secreted?

Thyoid gland

What is the purpose of insulin and what disease is characterized by its absence?

To lower glucose levels when they get too high; diabetes mellitus

What are signs/symptoms of Myxedema?

Puffy face, cold, dry hair and skin, lethargy, weight gain

What gender does Graves's disease affect more?

Females

What secretes melatonin?

Melatonin, which contributes to the function of the body's biological clock, is secreted by the pineal gland

What causes Type I diabetes?

A deficiency of insulin