Imperialism, Industrialism, and Cold War Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on imperialism, industrialism, and the Cold War, aimed at reviewing important historical facts and ideas.

What resources did industrial nations depend on for their factories?

They depended on raw materials such as cotton, rubber, and oil.

Why were colonies important to industrial nations?

Colonies provided both raw materials for production and captive markets for selling goods.

What was India often referred to in relation to Britain?

India was called the 'Jewel in the Crown' of the British Empire.

What technological advancements enabled imperialism?

Technological innovations such as steamships, railroads, the Maxim gun, and the telegraph allowed for faster movement of goods and communication.

What ideology justified European imperialism by claiming superiority?

Social Darwinism, the belief that some races were superior and destined to dominate others.

Describe the difference between settler and non-settler colonies.

Settler colonies involve large numbers of settlers who displace native populations, while non-settler colonies have a small number of settlers and focus on control for resources.

What was the immediate cause of the Indian Rebellion of 1857?

The introduction of Enfield rifle cartridges greased with cow and pig fat, offending Hindu and Muslim soldiers.

What was the main response of Britain to the Indian Rebellion?

Britain reduced missionary influence and established direct British control over India, marking the end of the Mughal Empire.

How did empires control territories despite military superiority?

They employed tactics like divide and rule, co-opting local elites, and imposing economic control.

What was the outcome of the Opium Wars for China?

China had to sign humiliating treaties that ceded control over trade and ceded territories like Hong Kong to European powers.

What significant conflict marked the beginning of Cold War tensions?

The Korean War (1950-1953) where North Korea, backed by the USSR and China, fought against South Korea, backed by the U.S.

What strategy did the U.S. adopt in response to the threat of communism post-World War II?

Containment, which aimed to stop the spread of communism through various methods, including military alliances and aid.

What major event in the Cold War is referred to as the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A confrontation in 1962 when the U.S. discovered Soviet missiles in Cuba, leading to a standoff that nearly resulted in nuclear war.

What was the significance of the Bandung Conference in 1955?

It was a meeting of leaders from various countries to declare independence from Cold War politics and promote non-alignment.

Who were prominent figures in the Non-Aligned Movement?

Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), and Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia).

What was the goal of anti-colonial and nationalist movements during the Cold War?

To achieve independence from colonial powers, often influenced by both U.S. and Soviet interests.

What was the ultimate result of the Cold War for the Soviet Union?

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 due to economic struggles and internal pressures.

How did global feminism movements evolve post-World War II?

They challenged patriarchy, sought gender equality, and drew inspiration from successful historical movements.