Sigmund Freud (Psychoanalysis)

First theorist under the psychodynamic umbrella.

Sigmund Freud

He emphasized **unconscious forces, biologically based drives of sex and aggression, and unavoidable conflicts in early childhood**.

psychoanalysis

This method emphasized **unconscious forces, biologically based drives of sex and aggression, and unavoidable conflicts in early childhood.**

unconscious preconscious and conscious

These are the three levels of mental life.

unconscious

A level of mental life that contains all those drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness

unconscious

A level of mental life that contains the major driving power behind all behavior

phylogenetic endowment

It is the inherited unconscious images

preconscious

A level of mental life that contains all those elements that are not conscious but can become conscious either quite readily or with some difficulty

conscious

A level of mental life that refers to the mental awareness at any given point in time

id ego and superego

These are the three provinces of the mind.

id

A province of the mind that is the reservoir of instincts.

id

A province of the mind that has NO CONTACT with reality

pleasure principle

A part of id that deals with tension reduction and increase pleasure.

primary process

A part of id that signifies how id satisfied the needs

ego

A province of the mind known as the rational master of personality.

reality principle

A part of the ego that manipulates the environment in a practical and realistic manner.

secondary process

A part of the ego that includes powers of perception, recognition, judgment, and memory in satisfying needs

superego

A province of the mind that is known as the “**conscience**” and embodies moralistic and idealistic principles

drive

A dynamic of personality that is known as a **constant motivational force.**

trieb

A term under DRIVE that is also known as **instinct**

sex

A dynamic of personality that is known as the **life instinct** or purpose of survival.

libido

A term underneath sex that refers to **sex drive**.

cathexis

A term underneath sex that refers to when libido is attached or invested in objects

anticathexis

A term underneath sex that refers to the process of balancing the drives of ID and the morals of the superego

anticathexis

A term underneath sex that is the inhibition of an impulse

primary narcissism

A term underneath sex that refers to when libido is invested exclusively on one’s ego.

secondary narcissism

A term underneath sex that refers to when the libido is back to the ego and becomes preoccupied by personal appearance and self-adoration

sadism

A term underneath sex that involves inflicting pain on others

masochism

A term underneath sex that involves suffering from pain

aggression

A dynamic of personality known as the wish to die turned against objects other than the self

anxiety

It is known as object-less fear because we often we cannot point its source.

realistic anxiety

A type of anxiety that is an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving danger.

realistic anxiety

A type of anxiety that is a fear of tangible dangers in the real world.

neurotic anxiety

A type of anxiety that is the unconscious fear of being punished for impulsively displaying **ID-DOMINATED** behavior.

neurotic anxiety

A type of anxiety that is “ID vs EGO”

moral anxiety

A type of anxiety that is the fear of one’s conscience

moral anxiety

A type of anxiety that is “EGO vs SUPEREGO”

repression

A defense mechanism that is the **denial of the existence of something that causes anxiety**

denial

A defense mechanism that is **denying the existence of an external threat or traumatic event** or the inability to accept reality

reaction formation

A defense mechanism that is **expressing an opposite of the one truly driving the person**

projection

A defense mechanism that is **attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else**

regression

A defense mechanism that is **retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life** and is the MOST COMMON.

rationalization

A defense mechanism that is **reinterpreting to make it acceptable or logical**

displacement

A defense mechanism that is **shifting the impulse to an object that is available**

sublimation

A defense mechanism that is **diverting into socially acceptable behaviors**

introjection

A defense mechanism that is the **adoption of the ideas or attitudes of others**

oral

This is the psychosexual change occurring from birth to 1 years old.

oral

This is the psychosexual change where the ID is formed.

mouth

This is the e-zone of the oral psychosexual change.

oral incorporative

This is a term under the oral psychosexual change where one is dependent.

oral sadistic

This is a term under the oral psychosexual change where one is aggressive.

oral behavior

This is a term under the oral psychosexual change with examples such as smoking and eating; passivity and gullibility (and the opposites).

anal

This is the psychosexual change occurring from 1 to 3 years old.

anal

This is the psychosexual change where the EGO is formed.

anus

This is the e-zone of the anal psychosexual change

early anal period

During this anal period, children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects.

late anal period

During this anal period, they sometimes take a friendly interest in their feces, an interest that stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating.

anal character

This is the description of people who continue to receive erotic satisfaction by keeping and possessing objects and by arranging them in an excessively neat and orderly fashion.

orderliness, stinginess, and obstinacy

This is the anal triad.

phallic

This is the psychosexual change occurring from 3 to 6 years old.

phallic

This is the psychosexual change where the SUPEREGO is formed.

genitals

This is the e-zone of the phallic psychosexual change.

Male Oedipus complex

This is a term under the phallic psychosexual change wherein there are desires to do away with his father and possess his mother in a sexual relationship.

Female Oedipus complex

This is a term under the phallic psychosexual change wherein there is a desire for sexual intercourse with the father and accompanying feelings of hostility for the mother.

castration anxiety

This is a term under the phallic psychosexual change known as the fear of losing the penis.

penis envy

This is a term under the phallic psychosexual change known as the desire to have a penis.

phallic personality

This is linked to narcissism.

latency

This is the psychosexual change occurring from 6 years old to puberty.

latency

This is the psychosexual change where the sex instinct is dormant.

genitals

This is the psychosexual change occurring from 12 years old and onwards.

genitals

This is the psychosexual change where there are adult relationships.

free association

This is a technique where the patient says whatever comes to mind.

free association

This is a technique described as “daydreaming out loud.”

catharsis

This is a term under free association known as the expression of emotions that are expected to lead to the reduction of disturbing symptoms.

resistance

This is a term under free association known as the blockage or refusal to disclose painful memories.

dream analysis

This is a technique described as the interpretation of dreams to uncover unconscious conflicts.

manifest content

This is a term under dream analysis known as the actual events in dreams.

latent content

This is a term under dream analysis known for its symbolic meaning.

drive reduction

This is defined as the eliminating or decreasing of the discomfort and tension of a drive, which satisfies the underlying physiological need.

eros

This is a synonym for the sexual instinct.

overdetermination

This is a term referring to the numerous, complicated causes of most behavior.

parapraxis

This is an apparent accident that is caused by unconscious mental processes, and therefore indicates one’s real feelings and beliefs.

parapraxis

This is known as the “Freudian slip.”

Primal Scene

This activity involves observing one’s parents’ sexual intercourse.

Psychic determinism

This is the principle that nothing in the psyche happens by chance and that **all mental activity has a prior cause.**

Wish-fulfillment

This involves the forming of a mental image of an object that will satisfy a need and is a **function of the id.**

Condensation

This is the unconscious combination of various symbols or words into a single entity with several meanings.

Countertransference

This is an unconscious displacement of emotion or behavior, **by the psychoanalyst, from some other person to the patien**t.

Day’s Residue

These is known as the memories of the **preceding day that trigger a dream** because they are related to **important unconscious issues.**

Dream-work

This is the the unconscious process that converts latent dream-thoughts into manifest content.

Insight

This is an emotional and intellectual understanding of the causes and dynamics of one’s behavior, achieved by bringing unconscious material to consciousness.

Transference

This is an unconscious displacement of emotion or behavior, **by the patient, from some other important person** (such as a parent) to the **psychoanalyst**.

Transference

This produces the attachment that makes positive therapeutic change possible, but may defeat the therapy if it becomes overly negative.

Transference Neurosis

This is a **major intensification of transference**, wherein the **relationship to the analyst** becomes __*even more important*__ than the **problems** that originally brought the patient into psychoanalytic therapy.