METABOLISM NUTRITION AND ENERGY-WRIGHT

nutrient

substance in food needed for growth, maintenance, repair

MACRONUTRIENTS

three major nutrients that make up the bulk of ingested food

carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

MICRONUTIRENTS

two other nutrients that are required, but only in small amounts: vitamins and minerals

water is required, so technically a nutrient

essential nutrients

nutrients that must be eaten because body cannot synthesize these from other nutrients

what are the three major simple carbohydrates ?

glucose fructose and galactose

the three major disaccharides are?

sucrose, lactose, maltose

the complex carbohydrates is?

polysaccharides

those benefits that help our body are?

eases and prevents constipation and good for colon like for example berries fiber, nuts and some greens.

this does not dissolve in water.

what are the benefits with soluble fiber?

lower blood cholesterol, says fuller longer, improve blood sugar

uses the body of glucose benefit is?

fuel for the cells to make ATP some use fat and some others neurons and RBC.

if excess of glycogen in the body what would happen?

glycogen or fat for storage in the body

the fructose and galactose will be to glucose by the liver before circulation.

what are complex carbohydrates (strarches)

bread cereal crackers, flour, pasta, rice, potatoes

simple carbohydrate (sugars)

carbonate drinks, candy, fruit, ice cream, pudding young (immature) vegetables

When ketone bodies are present in the blood and urine in large amounts, it usually indicates increased metabolism of ________.

fatty acids

in oxidation-reduction reaction, the reduce reactant

gain electrons

in glycolysis each molecule of glucose that is catabolize gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP?

2

oxidative phosphorylation energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly from the

movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane

what is cholesterol help with?

helps the fluid in the cell and for testosterone and other hormones

why do we need fats?

for protection, insulation, and fuel storage

what is the job of phospholipids ?

essential in myelin sheath and cell membranes

prostaglandins job?

smooth muscle contraction, BP control, inflammation

what benefits for proteins?

definition, nine essential amino acids, food source providing all essentials amino acids

digestion and absorption of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver we severely damage?

lipids

who I the first organ to take almost the glucose for energy source since it needs to stay for biology challenges?

the brain

the breaking of triclycerides down to glycerol and fatty acids is?

lipolysis

which of the choices below is not a mechanism of heat production?

enhanced thyroxine release

most ATP from metabolism is produced in the

electron transport system (ets)

if the RBC lack mitochondria. As a result, the ATP production is solely through

Glycolisis

during post absorptive all happens except?

levels of glucose are elevated

in oxidative phophorylation, energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly from the

movement of H+ ions through the channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane

why is the citric acid cycle called a cycle? what substance enters the cycle and what substances leave? make sure to add the right amount of products.

because it starts with the molecule oxaloacetic acid with combination of acetyl CoA citric acid cycle which is a complete cycle of the Krebs cycle this cycle comes from digestion absorption and transportation to tissue which is the energy we need to do our daily activities. this cycle happens in the inner mitochondrial matrix which inside the mitochondria there is a process before this when the glucose breaks down and with the help of hydrogens that split from the NAD and FAD resulting in 2 ATP meaning that for a 1 round of glucose (2 pyretic acid)happens all this.

in the Krebs cycle, what is formed when Acetyl-CoA combines with Oxoloacetate?

citric acid

in the Krebs cycle, Acetul-CoA (2C) combines with oxoloacetate (4C) to form citric acid (6C) this is the first step of the cycle and is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase.

2C AcetylCoa+4C Oxoloacetate=6C citric acid