Introduction to Theory of Architecture – Module 1

Question-and-answer flashcards covering key definitions, concepts, and design elements from the lecture on Theory of Architecture 1, Module 1.

What is the general definition of a theory according to Webster?

A plausible or scientifically accepted general principle or body of principles offered to explain a phenomenon.

According to Oxford, what is a theory?

A supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.

From which Greek words does the term “architecture” originate and what do they mean?

Arkhitekton, from Arkhi meaning “chief” and Tekton meaning “builder, carpenter, mason.”

What three qualities make up Vitruvius’ Triad?

Firmitas (strength/structure), Utilitas (function/purpose), and Venustas (beauty/aesthetics).

Why must architects balance Firmitas, Utilitas, and Venustas?

To create designs that are structurally sound, functional, and aesthetically pleasing.

Give the concise etymological definition of architecture.

The art and science of designing and constructing buildings.

Why can architecture be regarded as an art?

Because it incorporates aesthetics and design principles common to other art forms.

Why can architecture be regarded as a science?

Because it follows systematic processes of observation, data analysis, testing, and evaluation beyond aesthetics.

What is architectural design?

The creative process of planning and arranging elements to create buildings, balancing art and science.

Define Theory of Architecture.

The act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture, including commentary on works, guidelines, historical musings, and advocacy for new approaches.

Is there a single grand theory of architecture?

No. Architectural theory is a collection of varied thoughts, speculations, and concepts organized by theme.

Why do architects study architectural theories?

To solve problems by creating better conditions through designs that respond to functional, social, political, and economic contexts.

How is architecture described as a problem-solving or design process?

It identifies existing unsatisfactory conditions and proposes improved solutions through building.

What does human-centered architecture emphasize?

Creating spaces that meet people’s needs, enhance well-being, and foster connection with the environment.

What does architectural expression refer to?

The determination of form, including size, shape, materials, texture, color, and ornamentation.

What are the four primary elements of architectural design?

Point, line, plane, and volume/prism.

In architectural terms, what is a point and why is it significant?

A point marks an origin—ends or intersections of lines or a center—and serves as a focal or reference location.

What three properties characterize a line?

Length, direction, and position.

How can lines influence spatial perception?

Their arrangement can create separation, gradation, isolation, and evoke different emotions.

List the properties that define a plane.

Length, width, shape, surface, orientation, and position.

Why are planes important in architectural perception?

They enable two-dimensional perception, define spatial relationships, and convey emotion through texture and color.

List the properties that define a volume (prism).

Length, width, depth; form and space; surface; orientation; position.

Name and define the three main parts of a volume.

Vertex – points where lines meet; Edge – lines forming boundaries where planes meet; Face – planes that make up the sides of the volume.