Introduction to Research in Sociology

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on research methods in sociology.

Scientific Method

A systematic method of research based on observation and experimentation.

Empirical Evidence

Information that can be verified with the senses.

Operational Definition

A clear, precise definition of a variable used in research.

Hypothesis

An educated guess about the relationship between two or more variables.

Variable

A measurable trait or characteristic that can change under different conditions.

Independent Variable

The variable that is hypothesized to cause or influence another variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable whose behavior is influenced by the independent variable.

Random Sample

A sampling method where every member of the population has the same chance of being selected.

Correlation

A relationship between two variables where a change in one is associated with a change in another.

Spurious Correlation

A situation where two variables change together but neither causes the other.

Validity

The degree to which a measure accurately reflects the phenomenon being studied.

Reliability

The consistency of a measurement across different instances.

Objectivity

The practice of allowing facts to speak for themselves, minimizing personal biases.

Research Ethics

Guidelines that ensure the integrity and objectivity of research.

Gynocentricity

A research focus that centers on female perspectives and experiences.

Interpretive Sociology

A research approach that emphasizes understanding the meanings that individuals attach to their social world.

Critical Sociology

A sociological approach that focuses on the need for social change and often questions societal norms.

Research Design

A detailed systematic plan for obtaining data scientifically.

Qualitative Data

Data that emphasizes meanings, experiences, and descriptions rather than numbers.

Quantitative Data

Data that can be quantified and typically involves statistical analysis.

Value Neutrality

The principle that researchers should remain impartial and avoid bias in their work.