Part 5 Natural Disasters 8 For Test 2

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on earthquake prediction, notable earthquakes, and their impacts.

Tangshan

An industrial city in China struck by the deadliest earthquake of the 20th century in 1976. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.6 and resulted in an estimated 650,000 deaths, making it one of the deadliest natural disasters in history. Max intensity of 11, right-lateral strike-slip fault, shallow deadliest of 20th century

Seismic history

The record of past earthquakes in a specific region and their impacts.

Liquefaction

A phenomenon in which saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness during an earthquake.

Right lateral strike-slip fault

A type of fault where two plates slide past each other horizontally, with the right side moving towards the observer.

San Andreas Fault

A major fault line in California that forms the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates.

Northridge earthquake

A significant earthquake that struck Los Angeles in 1994, registering 6.7 on the Richter scale. San Fernando Valley=epicenter, bend in strike slip faults, SA bends when it gets to LA, lithosphere comes together, resting bend-rocks come together creating mountains stress:compression, 57 dead low bc holiday + early in morning, thrust fault not on San Andreas, freeways fail

Soft first story

A building design where the ground floor has less structural support, often leading to collapse during earthquakes.

Transform boundary

A type of plate boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.

Compression stress

Stress that occurs when two tectonic plates push against each other, often leading to the formation of mountains or thrust faults.

Artificial fill

Man-made material used to raise land above water or to fill in land areas, which can liquefy during earthquakes.

Maximum intensity

The most severe level of shaking experienced during an earthquake as measured on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale.

Rose Canyon Fault

m:6-7, RI:600-700 years, potential liquefaction areas=USD, Mission, PB, right-lateral strike slip fault, lim west away we move SE, Bend in La Jolla which is lifted,

Loma Prieta 1989

San Francisco: ppl are at home low death toll 67 dead, 40 km rupture on SA, m=7.1, intensity=9, valley shook more than mountains, epicenter Santa Cruz mountains, shallow, marina district liquefaction of old artificial fill, fires, Nimitz freeway collapse