UNIT 7 - THE ART OF PERSUATION

advocate (v) /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ (She advocates equal rights for all)

🔸to support or argue for → ủng hộ

acknowledge (v) /əkˈnɒl.ɪdʒ/ (He acknowledged his mistake)

🔸to accept or admit → thừa nhận

assert (v) /əˈsɜːt/ (She asserted her authority)

🔸to state firmly → khẳng định

dispute (v) /dɪˈspjuːt/ (They disputed the results)

🔸to argue or question → tranh cãi

imply (v) /ɪmˈplaɪ/ (His tone implied anger)

🔸to suggest without saying directly → ngụ ý

justify (v) /ˈdʒʌs.tɪ.faɪ/ (She tried to justify her decision)

🔸to give reasons for → biện minh

object (v) /əbˈdʒekt/ (I object to the plan)

🔸to oppose → phản đối

outline (v) /ˈaʊt.laɪn/ (He outlined the proposal)

🔸to describe the main points → phác thảo

question (v) /ˈkwes.tʃən/ (They questioned his motives)

🔸to express doubt → nghi ngờ

belatedly (adv) /bɪˈleɪ.tɪd.li/ (He apologized belatedly)

🔸later than expected → một cách muộn màng

firmly (adv) /ˈfɜːm.li/ (She shook his hand firmly)

🔸in a strong way → chắc chắn

senator (n) /ˈsen.ə.tər/ (The senator gave a speech)

🔸a member of a senate → thượng nghị sĩ

violate (v) /ˈvaɪ.ə.leɪt/ (He violated the law)

🔸to break a rule/law → vi phạm

defendant (n) /dɪˈfen.dənt/ (The defendant pleaded guilty)

🔸a person accused in court → bị cáo

scurvy (n) /ˈskɜː.vi/ (Sailors suffered from scurvy)

🔸a disease from lack of vitamin C → bệnh scorbut

indirect (adj) /ˌɪn.daɪˈrekt/ (He gave an indirect answer)

🔸not straightforward → gián tiếp

minister (n) /ˈmɪn.ɪ.stər/ (The prime minister spoke)

🔸government official → bộ trưởng

outvoted (adj) /ˌaʊtˈvəʊ.tɪd/ (We were outvoted in the meeting)

🔸defeated by majority votes → bị bỏ phiếu chống nhiều hơn

worthwhile (adj) /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ (It’s a worthwhile project)

🔸worth the time or effort → đáng giá

reproduce (v) /ˌriː.prəˈdjuːs/ (They reproduced the painting)

🔸to copy or produce again → sao chép

benefit (n) /ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/ (The new law brings benefits)

🔸advantage

debate (n) /dɪˈbeɪt/ (There was a debate on climate change)

🔸formal discussion → cuộc tranh luận

discussion (n) /dɪˈskʌʃ.ən/ (We had a discussion about plans)

🔸talking about something → cuộc thảo luận

drawback (n) /ˈdrɔː.bæk/ (The only drawback is the cost)

🔸disadvantage → hạn chế

evidence (n) /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ (The evidence is clear)

🔸facts to prove something → bằng chứng

proof (n) /pruːf/ (We need proof of identity)

🔸conclusive evidence → chứng cứ

advocated by someone (The policy was advocated by experts)

🔸được ủng hộ bởi ai đó

advocate reform/legislation/violence (They advocate reform of the system)

🔸ủng hộ cải cách/luật pháp/bạo lực

openly/strongly/publicly advocate (She publicly advocated the plan)

🔸công khai/ mạnh mẽ ủng hộ

acknowledge the existence/importance of something (He acknowledged the importance of education)

🔸thừa nhận sự tồn tại/tầm quan trọng

acknowledge the need for smth (She acknowledged the need for change)

🔸thừa nhận sự cần thiết

acknowledge difficulties (He acknowledged the difficulties)

🔸công nhận khó khăn

publicly/readily acknowledge (She readily acknowledged her mistake)

🔸công khai/ dễ dàng thừa nhận

widely/universally acknowledged (He is universally acknowledged as a leader)

🔸được công nhận rộng rãi

dispute a claim/assertion/allegation (They disputed the claim)

🔸tranh cãi về tuyên bố/cáo buộc

dispute figures/facts (They disputed the figures)

🔸tranh cãi số liệu/thực tế

hotly/vigorously/bitterly disputed (The results were hotly disputed)

🔸gây tranh cãi kịch liệt

justified by smth (His actions were justified by circumstances)

🔸được biện minh bởi điều gì

entirely/wholly/amply justified (The decision was wholly justified)

🔸hoàn toàn được biện minh

morally/ethically/rationally/economically/scientifically justified (The action was ethically justified)

🔸được biện minh về mặt đạo đức/khoa học/kinh tế…

justify a war/invasion/action/expense (They tried to justify the invasion)

🔸biện minh cho chiến tranh/hành động/chi phí

object to smth (I object to the plan)

🔸phản đối cái gì

object to the idea/notion/use (He objected to the idea)

🔸phản đối ý tưởng/quan niệm/việc sử dụng

object strongly (They strongly objected)

🔸phản đối mạnh mẽ

question the validity/legality of smth (They questioned the legality of the law)

🔸nghi ngờ tính hợp lệ/hợp pháp

question the wisdom/motives/integrity of smth/s.o (They questioned his motives)

🔸nghi ngờ sự khôn ngoan/động cơ/nhân cách của ai

evidence/research suggests (Research suggests a link)

🔸bằng chứng/nghiên cứu cho thấy

data/findings suggest smth (The data suggest improvement)

🔸dữ liệu/kết quả cho thấy

a poll/study/report suggests smth (The report suggests a problem)

🔸cuộc khảo sát/nghiên cứu báo cáo cho thấy

strongly/tentatively suggest (He strongly suggested a solution)

🔸đề nghị mạnh mẽ/thận trọng

suggest otherwise (The facts suggest otherwise)

🔸cho thấy điều ngược lại

health/economic/financial/social benefit (The law brings health benefits)

🔸lợi ích sức khỏe/kinh tế/tài chính/xã hội

reap the benefit of smth (They reaped the benefit of hard work)

🔸gặt hái lợi ích từ

a debate on/over/about/within smth (A debate on the policy began)

🔸cuộc tranh luận về…

a heated/lively/intense/ongoing debate (There was a heated debate)

🔸cuộc tranh luận sôi nổi/kịch liệt/liên tục

spark/provoke/trigger a debate (The issue sparked a debate)

🔸gây ra cuộc tranh luận

outweigh/overcome drawbacks (The benefits outweigh the drawbacks)

🔸lợi ích vượt trội hơn nhược điểm

the main/only drawback (The main drawback is cost)

🔸nhược điểm chính/duy nhất

proof of identity/residency (They asked for proof of identity)

🔸chứng minh nhân thân/cư trú

conclusive/definite/irrefutable/further/concrete proof (They needed concrete proof)

🔸bằng chứng chắc chắn/không thể chối cãi

democratic/conservative/liberal/opposition politician (He is a conservative politician)

🔸chính trị gia dân chủ/bảo thủ/tự do/đối lập

leading/senior/prominent/local/corrupt politician (He is a prominent politician)

🔸chính trị gia hàng đầu/nổi bật/địa phương/tham nhũng

elect a politician (They elected a politician as mayor)

🔸bầu chọn một chính trị gia