Midievil Europe Final

Lothar

Louis I son, got mid kingdom

Louis the German

Louis I son, got Germany in Treaty of Verdun

Charles the Bald

Louis I son, Got France in Treaty of Verdun

Alfred the Great

know for burh system

burh

days ride away from saftey

Medieval Climate Anomaly

Warmer climate, led to expansion in farmlife

Village

peasants lived here, shared open fields and resources

Manor

Lord estate, serfs owed rent, courts, and obligations

Demense

land used to feed lord

Parish

in charge of spiritual life, led by priest or church

Tithes

Mandatory tax to parish

Glebe

Land that feeds priest

Slaves

unfree- owned outright, declined in 1100s

Serfs

bound to land, owed labor and dues to lord

Free Peasant

land for rent/ service (more mobility)

Reeve

managed peasants/labor/rent for lord

Pannage

fee paid by peasants so their pigs could eat acorns in lord’s forest

burghs

castles

chartered cities

organized by lord for money

Champagne fairs

6 weeks of international trade 6 times a year

urban charters

written guarantees of freedom for merchants: freedom to hold property, move freely, manage themselves, tax limitations

ussury

lending money at an interest rate, sin by Catholic Church

William The Conquerer

brough jews from france to england to help him with hiss finance

Craft Guilds

organized workers in towns

Master Craftsmen

best at craft, took apprentices

Apprentices

usually young, not paid much, provided with on the job training

Journeymen

competent at craft, below master, paid daily

Chivalry

code of conduct for knights. courage, loyalty, true to word, help the weak.

Troubadours

poets who wrote about courtly love

Tournaments

knights practice combat in meeles

courtly ideal

knights and ladies romance

courtly love

knights worship ladies

Hippocrates, Galen

Medicine influenced by these greeks

Avincenna

wrote medical books, The book of the cure, the cannon of medicine

The canon of medicine

most important medicine book west europe 17th century- holistic

Averroes

wrote philosophy, theology, medicine, and psychology

Hildegard of Bingen

German benedictine abbess, mysic, philosopher, musical, medical, very inelligent

Corpus Julius Civilis

Justinian’s codified laws

Accursius

taught law at bologna, compiled magna glossa

Magna Glossa

comments on Justinian code

St. Thomas Aquinas

scholastic thinker- wrote summa theologica

Euclid’s elements

geometry, math

Otolemy’s Amalgest

planets, stars

Aristotle

Physics

St. Francis of Assisi

patron saint of nature/animals

Robert Grosseteste

Bishop of lincoln, taught Franciscan natural philosophy

Roger Bacon

famous follower of Robert Grosseteste

Chansons de Geste

military songs, song of roland

Fabliaux

funny, dirty stories

Mystery plays

biblical plays

Dante Alighieri

Divine comedy, new poet focused on courtly love (Beatrice, Mary)

simony

buying/selling church office

Henry III

deposed Benedict IX and appointed new pope

Benedict IX

morally corrupt priest

Abbey of Cluny

model church for reform

Pope Gregory VII

banned lay investiture, king could no longer give bishops church office, excommunicated henry IV

Henry IV

refused to listen to Pope Gregory VII, appointed bishops anyways

Canossa

Henry IV seeks forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII

Concordat of Worms (1122)

pope grants ring/ staff, bishop is elected by clergy w/ the king present

canon law

ordinances and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members.

glosses

commentaries to clarify contradiction in cannon law

Gratian’s Decretant (1140)

foundation of corpus juris canonicic, or catholic church laws

lawyer popes

popes who trained canon law

Urban II

calls for crusade in 1095 in response to call for help from Alexius Comnenus who was struggling to hold off Seljuk Turks

Alexius Comnenus

Byzantine king at time of crusade on seljuk turks

Pope Hadrian IV

crushed communal rebellion in Rome by placing Rome under interdict to stop

Arnold o Brescia

led communal rebellion in rome

Lateran Councils

New rules for church

Hadrian V

death starts lombard legue

Pope Alexander III

claims right to papal approval, lobardy allies with

Emporer Fredrick I Barbarossa

claims right to papal approval, invades lombardy

Lombardy Leagues

allied with Pope Alexander III, defeats Barbarossa

Peace of Venice, 1177

ends conflict between Pope Alexander III and Barbarossa, Alex III is pope

Pope Innocent III

12th century pope, claimed power over European kings, extended crusades, reformed papl curia and launched 4th lateran council

papal curia

papal courts

Saint Francis of Assisi

Fourth laterean council supports reforms

Henry VI

dies, question of succession raised

Fredrick II

Henry VI, heir, young, too young to be king, becomes emporer

Philip of suabia

uncle of Fredrick

Otto of Brunswick

initial supported by Innocent III, defied papal authority support lost

Pope Boniface VIII

tried to assert papal authority over monarchies, forbade taxation of clergy

King Phillip IV

taxed clergy to fund wars, accused Boniface VIII of corruption and heresy

Clericis Laicos

Boniface VIII forbides taxing clergy to fund wars

Unam sactum

Pope Boniface VIII, claimed salvation required obedience of Pope

Anagni

King Philip IV sends forces to seize Boniface VIII here

Pope Clement V

moved papal court to Avignon

Responsa

Jewish Correspondence with a head of academics- guileded life

Pietism

pious actions- giving charity in harmony with inner life

Bahya ibn Pakuda

“duties of the limbs” -covert actions and “duties of the heart”- inner piety

Moses Maimonides

“guide for the perplexed'“ - double truth of aristotle and revelation, inspired christians

Imitatio Christi

love and forgiveness over condemnation

pilgrimages

idea that saints cured diseases, travel to shrines

Cathars/ Albigensians

protest against wealth and power in the church, heresy

Waldensians

followed peter waldo, apostolic poverty heresy

Humaliti

lay people living communually in poverty, heretical

Cluny

reformists monks from Aquitane, formed clunic monsatseries, first monastic order

Carthusians

hermit cells, admitted lay people

Cistercians

stark, very popular, eventually rich/secular

Bernard of Clairvaux

debated worth of reconciling faith against Peter Abelard

oblates

too world, too much money