socialism

bourgeoise

don’t need to work to survive, upper class, own means of production

proletariat

sell labour in order to live

means of production

how goods are produced, machinery and factories

historical materialism

deterministic view of history

3 phases: feudalism, capitalism, communism

what did Marx mean by people being alienated from their labour

jobs become so monotone people become detached from their labour

superstructure

cultural elements that reinforce capitalism

working class reaching class consciousness

working class realise their oppression

dictatorship of the proletariat

dictatorship needed short term after revolution

Marx ‘each according to his ability to each according to his need’

give as much as you can and take only what you need

Marx view of human nature

plastic

marx class struggle quote

the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles

marx view of human nature

human nature is shaped by social interactions

plastic

humans are inherently social and productive who find fulfilment in their work

marx view of role of the state

state is a tool the ruling classes use to maintain their power and suppress working class

after socialist revolution state will die

dictatorship of the proletariat

marx view of economy

capitalism is inherently unstable

economic structures are the primary drivers of historical change

relentless pursuit of profit leading to exploitation

means of production

marx view of society

history is driven by class struggle

society evolves through the three stages of history

equality of outcome

marxist view on means of achieving change

societal change would occur through a working class revolution

dictatorship of the proletariat to lead to a communist society

revolution needed to abolish capitalist state

revolutionary socialism

the class conscious working class masses would rise up and overthrow capitalism

marx

alienation of labour

labour is external to the worker and is so forced

man feels freely active in his ‘animal functions’

the worker therefore feels alienated from his labour

clause IV

part of the original labour constitution drafted by the Webbs

‘common ownership of the means of production’

rewritten by new labour in 1994

Keynesian economics

opposed unregulated capitalism

tax and spend

democratic socialism

democracy as the means of voting in revolutionary change

social democracy

working with capitalism, equality of opportunity

third way

neo revisionist view of marx

even closer relationship with capitalism

Beatrice and sydney webb

more role for gov to deliver socialist change

representative democracy

inevitability of gradualness (democracy will inevitably bring about socialist change)

anthony crosland

equality of opportunity

working with capitalism to achieve socialist aims

‘Marx has little or nothing to offer the contemporary socialist’

evolutionary socialism areas of agreement with marx

inevitability of socialism

clause IV - owning means of production

collectivism and anti-capitalism

equality

evolutionary socialism areas of disagreement with marx

rejection of revolution - democracy to bring about socialist change

large state - doesn’t wither away

acceptance of capitalism and Keynesianism economics

equality of opportunity

more individualism

why did social democrats like crosland embrace Keynesianism

control and humanise capitalism

what are the different labour factions

blue labour

left unity

purple labour

red labour

vanguard

small group designed to force class consciousness

key classical marxist thinkers

marx

Luxemburg

lenin

evoloutionary socialism key thinkers

crosland

beatrice and sydney webb

third way socialism key thinkers

anthony giddens

(tony blair)

social democrat view of the state

some degree of free market capitalism

targeted state intervention

reform rather than abolish capitalism

peaceful methods to bring about change

social democrats view of society

fluid view of society

redistributive role of the welfare state

social justice

third way view of human nature

equality of opportunity - belief in meritocracy

social inclusion

focus on consensus and harmony

third way view of the state

top down state intervention in economic affairs is ineffective - focus on social investment in infrastructure

focus on issues that affect all workers

Luxemburg agreements with marx

revolution based on class consciousness

deterministic view of the march of history

revolution as a catalyst for social change

Luxemburg disagreements with marx

rhizomatic revolution (network of trade unions)

warned against dictatorship of the proletariat

revolution should be brought about by the masses