Introduction to Chemical Properties of Matter

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture on chemical properties of matter, focusing on measurement, atomic structure, and stoichiometry.

Uncertainty

The range of values where the true measurement is likely to be found, often expressed in decimal places.

Accuracy

A measure of how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.

Precision

A description of how similar or repeatable measured values are, regardless of their accuracy.

Isotope

Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Ion

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed by losing one or more electrons.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed by gaining one or more electrons.

Formula Mass

The average mass of one unit of a chemical species, calculated by adding the mass numbers of constituent atoms.

Molar Mass

The mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).

Molarity

A measure of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is entirely consumed in a chemical reaction, determining the maximum amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

The calculated amount of product expected to be formed from a given reaction under ideal conditions.

Actual Yield

The amount of product actually produced when a reaction is performed.

Percentage Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.